The Federal Republic of Germany, known commonly as West Germany, adopted the D-mark formally in 1949. As a result of this adoption at an exchange rate of 1 D-mark to 10 R-marks, was the acquittal of nearly 90% of both public and private debt. This action helped the economy rebound a...
Zentrum Democratic 20% Konrad Adenauer German Republic (if Hitler dies during the Oster Crisis and a civil war breaks out in Germany) Germany (Monarchy Compromise) No Non-Aligned / Deutschnationale Volkspartei (if Revive the Kaiserreich/Re-establish Free Elections is chosen) / Militärregierung ...
In 1977, some people in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) leadershipcame to the conclusion that the East German economy was on the verge ofbankruptcy. For some high-ranking economic leaders, it was a“question of ex-istence”, given that projected expenditures for coffee and cocoa in the...
“almost unimaginably low,” while the cost of the program, which by 1953 had reached the alarming figure of 900 million marks, was described by Heinrich Rau, the Minister of Planning, as “a bottomless pit.” Rather
Hooghe, Liesbet, and Gary Marks. 2018. Cleavage theory meets Europe’s crises: Lipset, Rokkan, and the transnational cleavage.Journal of European Public Policy25: 109–135. ArticleGoogle Scholar Hotelling, Harold. 1929. Stability in competition.The Economic Journal39: 41–57. ...
” These were only small minorities, however, and the vast majority celebrated unification with great joy. The German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic as five additionalLänder, and the two parts of divided Berlin became oneLand. (The five newLänderwereBrandenburg,Mecklenburg–West ...
This paper provides the first comprehensive assessment of the portable material culture associated with the German Christmas markets, covering objects as diverse as payment tokens, lapel pins, special postmarks, beer mats, and commemorative cups issued for the consumption of mulled wine. These objects...
Also known as: Namibië, Republic of Namibia, South West Africa, Suidwes-Afrika Written by Reginald Herbold Green Fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Article History News • Namibia marks historic milestone with election of first female president – Mbumba • Jan. 1, ...