The breadth of environments in which a species can succeed is ultimately determined by the full pattern of its vital rates in each environment.3. Examples of organisms colonizing novel environments are insect herbivores expanding their diets to novel host plants. One expectation for insect herbivores...
other parasitoids exceptNasonia vitripennis, while they encode the fewest gustatory receptor (GR) genes. Genes associated with metabolic and immune pathways inLeptopilinawere shown to be more or less the same as those in other hymenopteran species. Because consistent patterns within a phylogenetic con...
One of the best examples of a match between flowers and pollinators are spurred orchids, for which pollinator-mediated selection on flower traits—especially nectar spur length and corolla tube width—are well documented [41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50]. Studies on such species show that ...