a) (2 marks)Write a balanced equation describing a saturated solution of CaHPO4·2H2O, and write the Ksp expression. b) (7 marks) “Hard”water contains relatively high concentrations of dissolved calcium ions. Calculate theolubi l ity(in molarity)of CaHPO4·2H2O at 25°C in hard water...
By plotting the capacitive current at 0.05 V versus RHE against the scan rates, the Cdl was obtained as half of the corresponding slope, and the ECSA was derived from the equation ECSA = Cdl/Cs, where Cs is the specific capacitance. The Cs for a flat surface was in the range ...
CoK-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis were also conducted (Fig.2g, h)51,52. For comparison, Co foil, CoO, Co3O4, and Co-CTS were used as the reference samples. The CoK-edge in ...
These constraints are enforced in a special way by either replacing the conservation equation for an element with the corresponding constraint equation (e.g., the mass conservation equation for element H is replaced by the pH constraint equation) or by explicitly using the activity/fugacity of a ...
Energy conservation equation l [W/m.K]: Thermal conductivity The Dufour effect is negligible in combustion processes. For a mixture of ideal gases, we have Hence: Conservation equations Combustion Energy conservation equation Expressing the diffusive flux according to Fick´s law Schmidt number: rat...
It is apparent that these expressions can very quickly yield analytically unsolvable equation sets. This is an especially important consideration because several highly relevant chemical systems (e.g. combustion, cracking of long-chain hydrocarbons, biochemical systems, etc.) may involve dozens or even...
1. Balance the equation 2. Convert to moles 3. Pick one of the reactants 4. Determine how much (mol) of the other reactant we used if we used up all the reagent we picked 5. Ask: Do you have moles that are at least the multiplied number for the one you picked?
Naming Carbonyl compounds Aldehydes and ketones are named using the usual IUPAC rules with the addition of an appropriate suffix to the number of carbons. For aldehydes -alFor ketones -one Eg; CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 CHO is pentanal Eg; CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 COCH 3 is hexanone ...
Simulating Combustion Using the General Scalar The scalar transport equation can be used to crudely simulate combustion. There are three processes which can limit the rate at which combustion proceeds: Macro-mixing - The large eddies of fuel and oxidant combine or interact by the action of ...
General conservation laws are considered, and the concept of a weak solution is extended to the case of an equation involving three space variables and time. Four-dimensional vector calculus is used to develop general jump conditions at a shock wave in the material. To illustrate the use of th...