In healthy individuals, this rise should lastno longer than 1-2 cardiac cycles(it should then fall). If the rise in JVP issustainedandequal to or greater than 4cmthis is deemed apositive result. This assessment can be uncomfortable for the patient and therefore it should only be performed ...
Geeky Medics OSCE Textbooks Table of Contents Introduction TheABCDEapproach is used to systematically assess an acutely unwell patient. It involves working through the following steps: Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure Each stage of the ABCDE approach involvesclinical assessment,investigationsand...
Intermittent pneumatic compression is used for VTE prophylaxis for patients with reduced mobility after stroke. In patients not known to have atrial fibrillation/flutter,cardiac rhythm monitoringshould be performed for at least 24 hours, ideally as an inpatient Management of underlying cause The following...
Various devices represent a contraindication to MRI scanning, including somejoint replacements,cardiac pacemakers,implantable cardiac defibrillators(ICDs),aneurysm clipsor coils, andcochlear implants. Most newer cardiac devices are now MRI-compatible, but the make and model should always be checked before...
Arrange an urgent medical assessment Call for urgent medical assessment which may be the same resuscitation team as for cardiac arrest, or a dedicated medical emergency team. Assess ABCDE Re-assess the patient using a structured ABCDE approach: Airway: ensure the airway is patent. Breathing: admini...
Insevere hypocalcaemia(calcium < 1.9 mmol/L or symptomatic at any level below reference range), firstly give 10–20 mL of 10%calcium gluconatein 50–100 mL of 5% glucose IV over 10 minutes, with cardiac monitoring. Thiscan be repeateduntil the patient is asymptomatic. It should be...
Cardiac conditions: hereditary angioneurotic oedema, congestive cardiac failure Gastrointestinal conditions: exudative enteropathy, lymphangiectasia, malnutrition Investigations Bedside investigations Relevant bedside investigations include:15 Urinalysis: to determine the level of protein in the urine. This will be...
If you are carrying an emergency/crash bleep, generally, you will hear an alarm tone and spoken instructions of what type of call it is (i.e. cardiac arrest) and the location. You should make your way there as soon as possible, although if you are in the middle of a procedure, you...
Less commonly, cardiac, immune and gastrointestinal disorders may present in similar ways. Investigations Investigations for acute viral-induced wheeze or acute viral-induced asthma should be considered to helpdistinguish between differential diagnosesif there is a lack of response to therapy, or if ther...
Cardiac arrest Multi-organ failure Mixed respiratory and metabolic alkalosis A mixed respiratory and metabolic alkalosis would have the following characteristics on an ABG: ↑ pH ↓ CO2 ↑ HCO3– Causes of mixed respiratory and metabolic alkalosis: Liver cirrhosis in addition to diuretic use Hyperemesis...