This project sought to investigate the performance of TCM in Additive White Gaussian Noise, modelling a mobile wireless channel. To do this, trellis codes are digitally modulated with M-ary PSK and M-ary QAM using computer simulation (MATLAB) and the performance is evaluated when the modulated ...
wherer(n) denotes the n-th received signal sample in a detection period;s(n) is the signal from the PU;h(n) represents the channel gain in the current detection period, andw(n) represents a random noise sequence that follows the GGD.H0andH1signify the hypotheses that the PU is absent...
3(c). Fig. 3(d) shows the real noise from the BUTQDB dataset that is similar to such noise. (3) Straight line to simulate lead off. When simulating noise generation, we first randomly select a window length for each lead of the ECG signal. Then, we apply a random combination of ...
wherer(n) denotes the n-th received signal sample in a detection period;s(n) is the signal from the PU;h(n) represents the channel gain in the current detection period, andw(n) represents a random noise sequence that follows the GGD.H0andH1signify the hypotheses that the PU is absent...
turbulence as well as errors caused by imperfect optics and transmission. The resulting image degradations are frequently modelled as a mixture of additive white Gaussian noise, mainly responsible for dark and shot currents, and impulsive noise generating pixels with random channel intensity values3,9...
Through this literature survey, we have presented a comprehensive survey of impulse and Gaussian denoising filters which are applied to digital images to reduce their impulse-Gaussian noise combination. We use a random noise model comprised of impulse (salt and pepper) and Gaussian noise. We have ...
where ε(tstart) is a random noise at timestep tstart, c is ∆p for image-to-3D and e for text-to-3D respectively. The starting timestep tstart is carefully chosen to limit the noise strength, so the refined image can enhance details without breaking the original content. This refine...
The simulation involves, generating random message bits, modulating them using QPSK modulation, addition of AWGN channel noise corresponding to the given signal-to-noise ratio and demodulating the noisy signal using a coherent QPSK receiver. The waveforms at the various stages of the modulator are ...
and B is the backward operator defined by B(Xt)= Xt–1,μ the mean return and {et} the white noise process. In this chapter, the {et} consists of independent identically distributed (normal) random variables with mean zero and variance σe2. As in the financial literature, the fractiona...
noise orfixed value impulse noise, in which the channel values of corrupted pixels are set to either the minimum or maximum of the dynamic range. The second, much more challenging, is the Random Valued Impulsive Noise (RVIN) noise model, in which color pixel channels may attain any random ...