where Z(t) is white Gaussian noise, and h(t) is the impulse response of an ideal lowpass filter. When the noise has power spectral density N, the filter is bandlimited to W, and the signal power is bounded by P, the capacity of this channel can be shown to be C=W⋅log(1+PNW...
It can be rendered approximately Gaussian by passing it through a single-pole lowpass filter with a cut-off frequency of fc/n. Now, due to the heavy filtering, the rarer longer runs of 0 s and 1 s have a chance to build up to larger peaks, compared with the lower amplitude of ...
# Create model function # # train_data : tibble with the training data # formula : a formula object # hyperparameters : a named list of hyparameters svm_model_fn <- function(train_data, formula, hyperparameters){ # Note that `formula` must be passed first # when calling svm(), otherw...
Data were low-pass filtered with a zero-lag, fourth-order Butterworth filter with a cut-off frequency of 8 Hz. Figure 4 Diagram of the dynamic balance force platform (DBFP). (A) The mechanical structure of the DBFP (the x-axis and y-axis directions are shown in the Figure.) The x-...
Motion Blur:The Motion Blur filter helps to simulate the appearance of movement in an image. It applies a directional blur, imitating the effect of an object moving at high speed or the camera moving when capturing the scene. Radial Blur:This filter creates a circular or spiral blur effect ...
To obtain more scale-invariance, we use the Gaussian pooling method with different filter kernels to generate a pyramid of feature maps. Different from the patch embedding layer in other works, such as [22], our design is based on a pyramid Gaussian pooling structure, which can obtain multi-...
Now that we have constructed a function for raised cosine pulse shaping filter, the next step is to generate modulated waveforms (using QPSK, O-QPSK and π/4-DQPSK schemes), pass them through a raised cosine filter having a roll-off factor, sayα = 0.3and finally plot the constellation. ...
A filter has the following transfer function: H(f)=410+j2πf Determine the ratio of the noise equivalent bandwidth for this filter to its 3-dB bandwidth. 11.21 For the highpass RC network in the accompanying figure, let X(t)=Asin(ωct+Θ)+N(t), where N(t) is white, WSS, Gauss...
A seismic wavelet is a band-pass filter. Figure 13.8(a) gives an example of filter u1, which is the second derivative of a Gaussian scaled by s. Since it is regular, the resulting dictionary coherence is close to 1 if Δ/s is small, as illustrated in Figure 13.8(c) where μ(DU) ...
EXAMPLE 11.1: White Gaussian noise, N(t) with a PSD of SNN(f) = No/2 is input to an resistor, capacitor (RC) lowpass filter. Such a filter will have a transfer function and impulse response given by H(f)=11+j2πfRC and h(t)=1RCexp(-tRC)u(t), respectively. If the in...