Petroleum is separated by distillation into fractions designated as (1) straight-run gasoline, boiling at up to ∼390 °F (200 °C); (2) middle distillate, boiling at ∼365–653 °F (185–345 °C), from which are obtained kerosene, heating oils, and diesel, jet, rocket, and gas...
At the gas processing plants, isopentane is obtained as part of the pentane-isopentane fraction, which is further separated into n-pentane and isopentane [14]. The possibilities of producing gasoline components from natural gas based on plant recycling schemes of the SIBUR and ZAPSIBNEFTEKHIM [15...
In the first stage, crude oil is taken to a distillation tower to be heated and vaporized. Separated hydrocarbons create various components as they cool and condense at various temperatures and different levels of the distillation tower. Heavy asphalt and tar hydrocarbons condense at the bottom whil...
is due to lower incoherent scattering caused by hydrogen atom, suggesting the cracking of HDPE and evaporation of generated light hydrocarbons (Fig.3e). In addition, the change of mass fractal dimension in theQregion of 0.02–0.2 Å−1reflects that the components of reaction mixture had...
The solid residues were treated with hydrofluoric acid (HF) to remove the zeolite, and the remaining hydrocarbons were separated through dichloromethane (DCM) extraction (Supplementary Table 15) for further characterization by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and GD ESI mass spectrometry. The fraction insoluble in ...
The disadvantage is that the gasoline for your engine costs more. The name "octane" comes from the following fact: When you take crude oil and "crack" it in a refinery, you end up getting hydrocarbon chains of different lengths. These different chain lengths can then be separated from each...
In this GC system, an independently heated valve system ensures the heavy components in the sample are not condensed. It is very easy for the GC to control and run data analysis by using the Cerity NDS soft- ware. The experimental data demonstrates that the results exceed the ASTM D4815 ...
Octane numbers were calculated using a proprietary model taking in to account the non-linear blending characteristics of single components separated by gas chromatography [4]. Several approaches have been described in the literature for calculation of RON using data obtained from NMR spectrometry and ...
Crude oil is physically separated into various fractions by distillation at the refinery. The fractions are then chemically processed into fuels and other products. Raw materials such as diesel, gasoline, jet fuel, and kerosene can be given as examples of refinery products. Fuels produced as an ...
present in each of the groups. Octane number is then calculated by associating a pair of known terms with each group, one term representing the average octane number for the components of each group, and the other term being a number which is a function of the octane rating of the sample...