Sign in to download full-size image Figure 6-8. Laminar gas flow patterns. (Top) Flow across flat plate. (Bottom) Flow through circular pipe. The average boundary layer thickness over the whole plate is (6-24)δ¯=1/L∫0Lδ(x) dx=103Lηρv0L=103LReL where ReL is def...
Typically the fan spray type of atomiser may be used and generally it is mounted on a circular pipe mounted centrally in the jet pipe. Because of the high gas velocity entering the jet pipe, which may be of the order of 200-400 ms−1, it is not possible to obtain a stable flame ...
c Example of an artificial step, created by forcing the stream into a pipe and then covering the downstream river bed with a plastic film. d example of a scoured natural step. The insets in the last three panels show the observed time series of water CO2 concentration in the upstream (...
When gas flow encounters changes in pipe size, direction, or other disturbances, the flow profile becomes disrupted, compromising measurement accuracy.Flow conditioningbecomes essential when a limited straight run prevents achieving a developed profile naturally. Flow conditioners create a known, repeatable ...
Experimental test series for air-water flow in 52.3 mm (ID) pipe PR17: Experimental test series for evaporating flow in case of pressure relief r: Radius [m] TOPFLOW: Transient two-phase FLOW test facility UG: Gas velocity [m/s]
V. Ideas and perspectives: carbon leaks from flooded land: do we need to replumb the inland water active pipe? Biogeosciences 16, 769–784 (2019). Article CAS Google Scholar Cai, W.-J. Estuarine and coastal ocean carbon paradox: CO2 sinks or sites of terrestrial carbon incineration? Ann...
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of three-phase flow through 0.1524 m diameter and 3.5 m long horizontal pipe has been conducted. The superficial velocity ranges of gas-oil-water were 0.5-4, 0.08-0.32 and 0.08-0.32 m/s respectively. The volume of fluid (VOF) model was used to ...
Finally, Ub was the speed of a single bubble and it was related to gas velocity by 𝑈𝑔=𝑈𝑏+𝑈𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑡Ug=Ub+Udrift, where 𝑈𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑡Udrift is the average drift velocity, which was proportional to the ratio of the special change in gas void fraction to...
In velocity-type gas meters the gas flow moves impeller blades on a rotor. Rotation of the rotor is geared to a dial mechanism that records gas volume delivered. In the velocity vortex meter the rotor is mounted in an offset chamber in a short section of the flow pipe. Only a portion ...
Plot profiles of the pressure, velocity, gas density, and kinetic energy index along the flow path. Drill string data Drill pipe OD: 4.5 in Drill pipe ID: 3.643 in Drill collar length: 247 ft Drill collar OD: 6.25 in Drill collar ID: 3 in Material properties Specific gravity of rock: ...