multi-energy complementarity [8], and improved storage conversion flexibility. Heat pumps, boilers, and combined heat and power (CHP) plants are introduced in [9] to realize the coupling of electricity, thermal energy, natural gas, and other energy forms, and has been widely...
The results show that this system pays back the initial energy investment for its production in 1.3 yrs and generates life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 38 g CO2-eq/kWh for Phoenix, AZ. In contrast with flat-plate systems which generate most GHG emissions during the production of ...
With natural gas, the fossil fuel with the lowest carbon content, as the primary fuel, they produce among the low-est CO2 emissions per kWh generated. It is though possible to decarbonise power generation further by making use of the fuel flexibility of the gas turbine, by fully or ...
Operating costs other than fuel costs have a variable component (e.g., maintenance related to operating hours, lube oil, etc.) of about $0.01/kWh and a fixed component (e.g., operators, recurring maintenance), which is size-dependent and estimated for the US in a range between $20/kW...
The λ-value of the gas mixture, which represents the ratio between the available oxygen and the oxygen needed for full conversion of the components to CO2, H2O and N2: (1)λ=2cO2+2cCO2+cH2O+cCO+cNO2cCO+cH2+10cC3H8+9cC3H6+2cCO2+cH2O was altered by adjusting the CO/H2 and the ...
These inverters made it possible to adjust operation of the cold water pump between 60Hz and 45Hz, and operation of the hot water pump between 60Hz and 30Hz. This ability to adjust pump speeds as needed has reduced our monthly electricity consumption by 32,176kwh, cut annual CO2 emissions ...
to electrical heating and drying. For 1 kWh of energy use or energy conversion by electric methods instead of burning carbon-containing fossil fuels, about 0.8 – 3 lbs. of CO2 production can be prevented. A 100 KW device can prevent 80 – 300 lbs. of CO2 from being made every hour ...
• Conversion factor: the amount of greenhouse gases emitted, expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent and relative to a unit of activity. • Global warming potential (GWP): factor quantifying the radiative forcing impact of one mass-based unit of a given greenhouse gas relative to an equivalent...
In gasification processes, the solid feedstock are partially oxidized with oxygen and steam to produce syngas which can be used for chemical conversion into different valuable compounds (e.g. hydrogen, methanol, ammonia, substitute natural gas etc.) or to generate power in a combined cycle. Integr...
Thus, for the product gas upgrading there is no need of an additional CO or CO2 separation. Therefore, this process is less complex than e.g. the “classical” steam methane reforming (SMR) process [27], [28]. Depending on the required hydrogen purity and the hydrogen conversion rate, ...