In Eq.1, the covariance matrix can be estimated either with the empirical estimator or the shrinkage estimator, depending on the ratio between features and observations. In reality, in the context of a large-scale dataset (i.e.,p≫n) the empirical covariance matrix is a poor estimation of...
The primary aim of Gamma Knife (GK) radiosurgery is to deliver high-dose radiation precisely to a target while conforming to the target shape. In this study, the effects of tumor shape irregularity (TSI) on GK dose-plan quality and treatment outcomes were analyzed in 234 vestibular schwannomas...