Unconventional gains from trade are defined as the nonmarket benefits of bilateral agreements that are secured through preferential trade treatment. They arise because (1) nonmarket benefits traditionally are purchased in a hidden manner, partly because of conflicts between governments and populations, and...
Trade in particularly strategic commodities with high welfare gains might act as a greater deterrent to conflict than trade in more common goods available worldwide. Perhaps even small amounts of trade of essential commodities yield high welfare gains, making their loss high, should conflict arise....
We consider the special case where capital investment was selected to minimize expected costs in the absence of wholesale markets, and show that retail competition decreases prices but imposes economic losses on producers. That is, the so-called stranded investment problem can arise because competitive...
The model captures the tendency of new exporters to export on a small scale, to have low survival rates, and to take time to grow into large exporters. In the model, aggregate trade dynamics arise from producer-level decisions to invest in lowering their future variable export costs, and ...
gains() A.results B.increases C.resources D.savings 查看答案
We find that Mexico gains from NAFTA only when it also removes domestic distortions in agriculture. In that case, agriculture can generate allocative efficiency gains large enough to offset the terms of trade losses that arise because Mexico has higher initial tariffs than its NAFTA partners. When...
that arise or may arisefromthemergeroutweigh theadverse effects caused by any lessening of competition [...] legco.gov.hk legco.gov.hk (b) 條例草案附表1第 1條應作修訂,使合併守則 現時採用的豁除準則( 即 "如某合併所產生或可能產生的經濟效率,超過減弱在香港的 競爭所引致的不良效果"(條例草案附...
Gains or losses arising from changes in fair value of investment property are included in profit or loss for the period in which they arise. evoc.cn 投資物 業 公平值 變動 產 生之 收益 或虧 損於其產 生之期間在 損益 中確 認。 evoc.com.cn Capital gains or losses, whether realised ...
Actually, it was initially developed to promote mass gain from animals. Long-term utilization in animals has been linked to greater muscle mass and reduced fat, but no clinical studies have found similar results in humans. Clenbuterol has multiple trade names, including Spiropent, Dilaterol, ...
we rolled out the 300ml PET to Romania and Hungary, following a successful launch of this pack size at an affordable price point in Bulgaria in 2022. We are also seeing good results from our affordably priced returnable glass bottles (RGB) in Nigeria, with volumes up 27%, as well as str...