AldehydeR-CHOA terminal carbon, double bonded to an oxygen KetoneR-CO-R'A carbon bound to two other carbon chains and double bound to an oxygen Carboxylic acidR-COOHA terminal group, with carbon double bound to
The impact on the electronic structure was considered by exchanging two OH groups for one double-bonded oxygen ( O) or one Si atom for one bridge-bonded oxygen (>O). We find that the influence of >O and O on the electronic structure of otherwise completely OH-terminated Si core ...
A carbonyl functional group consists of a carbon atom which is double-bonded with an oxygen atom. The general structure of an amide is given as {eq}{\rm{R}}\left( {{\rm{C = O}}} \right){\rm{N}}{{\rm{R}}_1}{{\rm{R}}_2} {/eq}, where R, {eq}{{\rm{R}}_1,}\;...
The hydroxyl functional groups (shown in Table 6.2) that exist in water consist of a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom bonded together. It is the dominant reactive surface functional group for clay minerals, amorphous silicate minerals, metal oxides, oxyhydroxides, and hydroxides (Sposito, 1989)...
, although the Hofmeister effect has a salting-out effect on the protein, which can enhance the properties of the hydrogel [26], mechanical properties of the strengthened hydrogel obtained when the stretching ratio is 0% (soaked in (NH4)2SO4solution) are significantly smaller than other groups....
There are a number of functional groups that contain a carbon-oxygen double bond, which is commonly referred to as acarbonyl.Ketonesandaldehydesare two closely related carbonyl-based functional groups that react in very similar ways. In a ketone, the carbon atom of a carbonyl is bonded to two...
Esters have a pair of alkyl or aromatic groups attached to a carbonyl + linking oxygen function. Esters can be shown in text as: RCOOR or (occasionally) ROCOR. carboxylic acid + alcohol -> ester + water This is an acid catalysed equilibrium. Amide Primary amides (shown) have an alkyl or...
Hydroxyl groups bonded to C=O are considered to be carboxylic acids, a separate functional group (see below) EthersR-O-R are oxygen atoms flanked by two bonds to carbon. Diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane are ethers that are commonly used as lab solvents. ...
Oxygen-containing carbons are promising supports and metal-free catalysts for many reactions. However, distinguishing the role of various oxygen functional groups and quantifying and tuning each functionality is still difficult. Here we investigate the r
1. Reduction - add molecules of hydrogen across double and triple bonds. 2. Halogenation - adds a bromine, chlorine, or iodine atom. 3. Alkylation - adds an alkyl group onto the molecule. 4. Oxidation - adds oxygen to the molecule. What is the structure of alkynes? Alkynes are hydr...