The gastrointestinal epithelial barrier protects the fish against toxic substances and microorganisms of the lumen. There are three functional barrier layers: (1) the extrinsic barrier consisting of secretions and commensal microorganisms, (2) the intrinsic barrier comprising epithelial cells and tight ...
Net movements of water, electrolytes, and sugars, unidirectional fluxes of sodium and chloride, and the transmural electrical potential difference (PD) were measured simultaneously with and without the influence of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC), 1.0 mmol/l, in the intestinal lumen. In patients without...
Advances in imaging technologies have revealed that many bacteria possess organelles with a proteomically defined lumen and a macromolecular boundary. Some are bound by a lipid bilayer (such as thylakoids, magnetosomes and anammoxosomes), whereas others
We hypothesize that the ET roof is involved mainly with ventilation and that the ET floor is involved mainly with clearance, whereas both portions are involved with protection of the middle ear. The hypothesis states that 1) the cross-sectional shape of the ET lumen and the att...
We find that drug-resistance-conferring mutations reduce both the peptide transport capacity and substrate range of PfCRT, explaining the impaired fitness of drug-resistant parasites. Our results indicate that PfCRT transports peptides from the lumen of the parasite’s digestive vacuole to the ...
The molecular mechanism has not been identified in all cases, but SCFA production was shown to be an important factor for some of these observations. Metabolite concentrations vary throughout the intestinal tract and differ between the lumen and mucus37. Propionate and acetate are common SCFAs that...
We report the molecular cloning and characterization of two secretory proteins specifically expressed in vomeronasal and posterior glands of the nasal septum, the ducts of which open into the lumen of the vomeronasal organ. These two proteins are members of the lipocalin superfamily, consisting of ...
It can be cleaved by pancreatic trypsin from the mucosa and is released to the lumen, which can explain some aspects of its role in SM to ceramide digestion (86), but further research is clearly needed (84). Enpp7 knockout mice show altered lipid digestion and absorption, resulting in ...
Intimal damage and proliferation were seen in 1st- and 2nd-order branches of the carotid body artery in hypertensive rats and point-counting showed that the volume proportion of Type 1 cell nuclei and vascular lumen was reduced and vascular wall increased. In age-matched anaesthetized rats, ...
Bringt man die Toxine ins Lumen von Dick-oder Dünndarm von Menschen bzw. Nagern ein, kommt es zu einem Zerfall der Aktinfilamente in den Darmzellen und infolgedessen zu einer erhöhten parazellulären Permeabilität. Die Folge ist eine akute entzündliche Reaktion der Lamina propria ...