The renal parenchyma consists of two main regions, externally the cortex and internally the medulla . The lobate structure of the organ in man is still detectable in the 8 to 12 or more renal pyramids. These are
(a) Describe the functional unit of the kidney. (b) How is urine formed in the kidney? What is the functional unit of the kidney? What are the structures of this unit and its specific functions? What is the function of the movement of urea in renal tissue? Describe the function...
A matched group of normal rats served as control. Injection of bosentan (10 mg/kg i.v.) to the rats with decompensated congestive heart failure produced an increase in cortical (+20%) and medullary (+12%) blood flow, and a decrease in vascular resistance in the cortex (−30%) and ...
A renal tubule consists of a proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct. What is found in the distal convoluted tubule? The distal convoluted tubule is located in the cortex of the kidney after the loop of Henle. It plays a key role in ...
Glomerular filtration is fundamental to the production of urine and to the homoeostatic functions of the kidney. Techniques for measuring the GFR, the amount of filtrate formed per unit time, are described in a later section (p. 131).
What symptoms might you expect with a decrease in kidney function? Which of the these functions would not be performed by the kidney? What are the stages of chronic kidney disease? What test indicates too much urea in the blood? What makes up the kidney's filtration barrier?
Key facts about the kidneyTable quiz Functions Eliminating toxic metabolites through urine, regulation of blood homeostasis and blood pressure, production of some hormones Mnemonic: A WET BED Morpho-functional characteristics Positioned retroperitoneally, consists of the cortex and medulla, empties urine in...
Circadian rhythms are present in almost all cells and play a crucial role in regulating various biological processes. Maintaining a stable circadian rhythm is essential for overall health. Disruption of this rhythm can alter the expression of clock genes and cancer-related genes, and affect many met...
Current genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for kidney function lack ancestral diversity, limiting the applicability to broader populations. The East-Asian population is especially under-represented, despite having the highest global burden of end-sta
(proximal and distal tubules), so that the peritubular environment is little different from that of systemic blood. In the kidney medulla,blood flowis substantially lower, so that medullaryinterstitial fluidcomposition may be quite different from that of the cortex, and importantly, peritubular solute...