bronchi, whereas the left main bronchus only divides into two bronchi. These so called secondary bronchi divide further into tertiary bronchi. The tertiary bronchi bring air into compartmentalized sections of the lungs called bronchopulmonary segments. Each of these segments operates independently of the...
Furthermore, several studies indicate that there is an increased tendency for spastic, nonpropulsive (tertiary) contractions to appear in healthy people over the age of 65. Studies on the LES in a geriatric population suggest that resting pressures in the sphincter may be reduced and that the ...
Bronchitis is defined as acute inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree, generally self-limiting, and with eventual complete healing and return of function (Merck Manual 1999). Bronchitis is typically a result of a weakened immune system that is overwhelmed by exposure to an external factor, such...
The avian respiratory apparatus is separated into a gas exchanger (the lung) and ventilators (the air sacs). Synchronized bellows-like movements of the cranial and caudal air sacs ventilate the lung continuously and unidirectionally in a caudocranial direction. With the lungs practically rigid, after...
]. The amino acid sequence of ECP has eight cysteine residues spaced all throughout the peptide establishing the tertiary structure of the protein by the formation of four cysteine double bonds. Two catalytic residues, a lysine and a histidine, responsible for the RNA degradation have been ...
The amino acid sequence of ECP has eight cysteine residues spaced all throughout the peptide establishing the tertiary struc- ture of the protein by the formation of four cysteine double bonds. Two catalytic residues, a lysine and a his- tidine, responsible for the RNA degradation have been ...
Secondary and tertiary bronchi, with cartilaginous walls and diameters of 3 to 10 mm, were cut spirally into strips 3 to 5 mm wide and then cut into pieces 10 to 15 mm long. The strips were passively sensitized overnight at room temperature (21°C) in atopic serum (20% v/v) in ...
The hallmarks of smoking induced COPD include squamous cell metaplasia and goblet cell hyperplasia which causes increased cough and mucus secretion [38]. Mucociliary clearance is disrupted by the bronchi undergoing squamous metaplasia [39] and situation collectively leads the persistent airway inflammation...