A cell is the smallest unit of life able to control its own activities, BUT, it relies on the rest of the organism (if multicellular) or the surroundings (if unicellular) to provide it with raw materials i.e. nutrients and removal of waste material. The different parts of a cell are r...
The heart consists of a range of tissues. The most important one is cardiac muscle. The cells have the ability to contract and relax through the complete life of the person, without ever becoming fatigued. Each cardiac muscle cell is myogenic. This means it has its own inherent rhythm. Belo...
non-coding RNA Review Function and Evolution of Nematode RNAi Pathways Miguel Vasconcelos Almeida 1 , Miguel A. Andrade-Navarro 1,2 and René F. Ketting 1,* 1 Institute of Molecular Biology, Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany; m.almeida@imb.de (M.V.A.); andrade@uni-mainz.de (M.A...
The process is achieved through a series of substances, mainly including phytohormones and small secreted peptides [4,5]. Most studies have focused primarily on phytohormones, while during the last decade, the importance of secreted peptides in plant cell-to-cell communication, growth and ...
Critical roles during muscle atrophy and in the accelerated degradation of muscle proteins have also been recently identified [7]. The precise mechanisms underlying these roles, however, remain unknown. Similarly, a comprehensive understanding of how VCP mutations that cause human disease might alter ...