This section briefly discusses SG, intrusion detection in SG, FL, and SVM. Table1provides a glance at the topics discussed. The key topics (used in this paper) are SG, IDS, FL, SVM, and the significance of fog computing in SGs. Table 1 Summary ofBackgroundsection Full size table Smart...
In contrast, the current state-of-the-art tool, SpliceAI, was trained on a single isoform per gene, and moreover was trained on protein-coding genes only. It was originally tested by measuring its ability to predict a single set of splice sites from the canonical isoform for each protein-...
In single-cell ATAC-seq data, xij is the number of unique reads mapping to peak or region j in cell i. Although xij can take non-negative integer values, it is common to “binarize” the accessibility data (e.g., [19, 74, 133,134,135]), meaning that xij=1 when at least one ...
its meaning is the expected cumulative return by executing action a in state s then following a serious of actions obeying the strategy π. in order to obtain the optimal strategy π that makes q * ( s , a ) = r ( s , a ) + γ ∑ s ′ ∈ s p s , s ′ ( a ) max a ...
The Internet of Things (IoT) has been rapidly evolving towards making a greater impact on everyday life to large industrial systems. Unfortunately, this has attracted the attention of cybercriminals who made IoT a target of malicious activities, opening
Due to the abovementioned broad definition of personal data, all of this should be considered personal data within the scope of the Data Protection Directive. 3.4 IP addresses In this section, we argue that IP addresses are personal data in the meaning of the Data Protection Directive. As ...
With distributed transceivers and scalable cooperative transmission, cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) technology eliminates the “cells” of traditional mobile communications, thereby significantly improving the performance of wireless networks. CF-mMIMO is considered as a major ...
Results showed that at least one-third of these prokaryotes were not sequenced, meaning the genome resolution of predominant prokaryotes in WWTPs is still insufficient. Then we analyzed the genome composition of sequenced prokaryotes, and found around half of them were retrieved from pure cultures (...
Genotyping by re-sequencing has become a standard approach to estimate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) diversity, haplotype structure and the biodiversity and has been defined as an efficient approach to address geographical population genomics of s
The process of giving its meaning and substance happened in an incremental and subsequent manner, one that was not only driven by competing interests among Chinese state actors but also in a way that allowed considerable room for Chinese digital—often private—companies to shape the meaning of ...