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stratosphere, the occurrence of internal gravity waves influences particle transport. The discussion by Podglajen et al. [23] presents a theory whose underlying concept is that the occurrence of gravity waves influences particle transport in different atmospheric regions. An important and applicable atmo...
To provide the physical address used in the source address field, a vendor of Ethernet equipment acquires an organizationally unique identifier (OUI),which is a unique 24-bit identifier assigned by the IEEE. The OUI forms the first half of the physical address of any Ethernet interface that the...
Live video streaming market share in Q1 of 2024. Source: Nielsen How does live streaming perform? The act of streaming begins with raw information — the visual data captured by a device’s camera.Next, the digital data is compressed and encoded. Data compression implies deleting redundant vis...
All evaluation indexes can be directly calculated from the confusion matrix, and their specific forms are shown in Table 4: Table 4 Confusion matrix Full size table In the confusion matrix shown in the table above: TP represents that the actual class is positive, and the predicted class of ...
real-world datasets suffer from several forms of imbalance. Handling imbalances in the image dataset is one of the pervasive challenges in the field of computer vision. Image classification is the task of classifying an input image according to a set of possible classes. Classification algorithms ...
{u,v}whereu,v∈Vandu≠v. The degree of a vertex is the number of edges incident on it. The degree of the graph is the maximum of its vertices’ degrees. A path<v1,v2,…,vk>forms a cycle ifk>0,v0=vk, and edges on the path are distinct. The cycle is simple ifv1,v2,…,...
In addition, the extended form contains prices, frequency, scores on a five-point scale for such parameters as quality, packing, safety and availability. We used information only from the simplified form since the users had rarely filled the extended forms in their reviews. We considered only ...
This is a very simple example having only one instance per class. The model, therefore, would be totally inadequate if its purpose were to differentiate among different dog or cat breeds. In that case, many more instances would be needed to describe different types of dogs and cats. The ...
The Internet of Things (IoT) has been rapidly evolving towards making a greater impact on everyday life to large industrial systems. Unfortunately, this has attracted the attention of cybercriminals who made IoT a target of malicious activities, opening