including pre-mRNA, mature mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, tRNA, and even viral RNA [11,12,13]. An important impact of RNA editing is its ability to challenge the central dogma of biology. When RNA editing takes place in the coding sequence (CDS) region of an mRNA, where an I is recognized as...
The immune system has a central role in preventing carcinogenesis. Alteration of systemic immune cell levels may increase cancer risk. However, the extent to which common genetic variation influences blood traits and cancer risk remains largely undetermi
Small RNAs (also referred to as small noncoding RNAs, sncRNA) are defined as polymeric ribonucleic acid molecules that are less than 200 nucleotides in length and serve a variety of essential functions within cells. Small RNA species include microRNA (miRNA), PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), small...
Genome-wide measurement of full-length splicing isoforms in human iPSC-CMs with a region of chromosome 19 (chr19:57531255-57906445) as an example. Gene loci are presented as a horizontal black line with annotated genes on + or – strands above or below the genome axis, respectively. Collapsed...
Coupled transcription and translation processes in bacteria cause indiscriminate translation of intact and truncated messenger RNAs, inevitably generating nonfunctional polypeptides. Here, we devised a synthetic protein quality control (ProQC) system tha
As in eukaryotes, precursor transfer RNAs in Archaea often contain introns that are removed in tRNA maturation. Two unrelated archaeal species display unique pre-tRNA processing complexity in the form of split tRNA genes, in which two to three segments of tRNAs are transcribed from different loci,...
The role of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) in deciphering the genetic code is universal to cell biology. The trinucleotide anticodon sequence of each tRNA-type decodes specific codons employed by messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Overall, the number of genes encoding each tRNA-type and the relative cellular abundan...
The genomes of these cultured methanogens have yielded fundamental insights into the biology of Methanomassiliicoccales [26,29,30,31,32]. Nevertheless, research on members of the order Methanomassiliicoccales has progressed slowly owing to difficulties in their isolation and cultivation process, and...
Compared to proteins, glycans, and lipids, much less is known about RNAs on the cell surface. We develop a series of technologies to test for any nuclear-encoded RNAs that are stably attached to the cell surface and exposed to the extracellular space, he
Spatial multi-omic studies have emerged as a promising approach to comprehensively analyze cells in tissues, enabling the joint analysis of multiple data modalities like transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, and metabolome in parallel or even the same tiss