During the onset of adverse environmental conditions, such as peak population level and nutrient depletions, the cells within the biofilm respond by producing hydrolytic enzymes to breakdown the matrix, leading to detachment and transition to a planktonic form [22, 24]. For instance, the bacterium ...
Microbial resistance to the highly toxic Cr(VI) can be achieved through reduction to Cr(III), a less toxic form, and this is a common and effective microbial detoxification mechanism [66]. Chromate reductases (e.g., ChrR and NemA) catalyzing the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) can be...
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In addition, annotations at the phylum level revealed that Proteobacteria is the most abundant phylum in the surface layers (NS and CS1) and is widely distributed across all samples (Fig.2d). Halobacterota (includes ANME) and Desulfobacterota (includes SRB) were the two most abundant phyla i...
2014). To date, two different forms of aerobic CODHs have been described. The first form (EC 1.2.5.3) uses quinones as electron acceptors (Wilcoxen et al. 2011), while form II (EC 1.2.2.4) is described as taking advantage of cytochrome b as an electron acceptor (Meyer et al. 1986)...
(AMP), is predominantly located on the surface of phytoplasmas (Kakizawa et al.2009). AMP has been identified as a way to form complexes with host microfilaments. The formation of these AMP-microfilament complexes affects the insect’s ability to transmit phytoplasmas (Hoshi et al.2007). ...
of RTD in the form of stunted plants, reduced number of tillers, and yellow leaves from the tips, especially on the youngest leaves (Fig.1). Plants infected only with spherical viruses generally do not show symptoms, whereas rice plants infected only with bacilliform viruses exhibit mild ...
After generating the four SRB genome datasets, a maximum likelihood (ML) tree was constructed for each of them. We then analyzed the newly acquired ancient genome, W86, to determine its position in each of the phylogenetic trees derived from the four SRB genome datasets. This analysis aimed ...
Hexoses are probably imported through a PTS-system (EC 2.7.1.69) to form glucose-6-phosphate; the further path leads via fructose-6-phosphate into glycolysis to form phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate. Surprisingly, the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13) is missing in the genome. ...
Before conductance measurement, a layer of granules was gently flattened to form an homogeneous and confluent layer [21] on top of the electrode slide, covering the whole surface area including the non-conductive gap. Two independent measurements (duplicates) were performed for each granular sludge....