Meningeal metastasis (LM) is commonly seen in the advanced stages of cancer patients, often leading to a rapid decline in survival time and quality of life. Currently, there is still a lack of standardized trea
For instance, using RNC-seq, Zhang’s group identified an 87-amino-acid tumor-suppressive peptide encoded by the circular form of a lncRNA LINC-PINT in glioblastoma cells [51]. However, preserving the integrity of RNC mRNAs during RNC-seq procedures can be technically challenging owing to RNC...
Molecular functions of A-to-I editing ADARs deaminate adenosine in dsRNA or the A-form helix (DNA: RNA hybrid) [46,47,48]. The introduction of non-canonical base pairs into the dsRNA structure increases complexity, which actually affects the efficiency of adenosine editing (Fig. 2). The tw...
Cancer cells are likely to die of hypoxia, injury, or other stressors. However, cancer cell death is non-immunogenic in some instances—it fails to trigger a robust anti-tumor immune response. In contrast, ICD leads to the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are r...
in STING, for instance, have been shown to impair adaptive immune responses in DNA vaccine recipients [35]. Moreover, various cytosolic and endosomal proteins, including DDX41, RIG1, and AIM2, interact with B-form DNA, contributing to the immune response by activating inflammatory pathways [36...
(UFMylation) is a distinctive form of protein modification that is quite similar to ubiquitination. Key components required for UFMylation include E1 (UBA5), E2 (UFC1), and E3 (UFL1), along with Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1). In tumor cells, activated UFMylation promotes the ...
As previously stated, the adhesion of hepatocytes between two layers of ECM to form a sandwich structure of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions is a promising method for drug toxicity screening. Sandwich cultures are able to preserve cell viability, decelerate functional decline, stabilize basic ...
LNPs containing a high amount of ICL (more than 40 mol%), DSPC, and cholesterol can form inverted micelles around RNA therapeutics. Conversely, those with a lower amount of ICL (20 mol%) and a higher DSPC content (30 mol%) result in solid cores primarily composed of inverted micelles,...
form the 80S elongation-competent full ribosome [133]. The 80S ribosome is assembled at the start codon of the mRNA, positioning the initiator tRNA at the P site and readying the A site for the first elongation cycle. Non-canonical translation initiation usually follows the downregulation of ...
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a prevalent form of lung cancer. Patients with advanced NSCLC are currently being treated with various therapies, including traditional radiotherapy, chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapy. However, a considerable proportion of advance patients wh...