21,22]. This led us to posit that the bacterial communities of these two anatomical sites may be connected [14]. A recent 16S rRNA gene sequencing survey
Early blight and brown leaf spot are often cited as the most problematic pathogens of tomato in many agricultural regions. Their causal agents are Alternaria spp., a genus of Ascomycota containing numerous necrotrophic pathogens. Breeding programs have y
D CK8 and GATA3 were positive staining of extraembryonic cells. Scale bar: 20 μm. Full size image To show the O-IPSCs derived from OCM175 medium really have the characteristic of the extended pluripotent stem cells, we injected our O-IPSCs into embryo to form chimeric blastocysts in ...
the collection of microorganisms in an animal’s body) and its resilience. We aim to understand how the microbiota changes over time and between different groups of animals, and how these changes may be linked to resilience. Specifically, we will explore the connection...
information in each pathway is presented in Additional file8: Table S7. GAP, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; MF, methanofuran; H4MPT, tetrahydromethanopterin; CoA, coenzyme A; CoB, coenzyme B; CoM, coenzyme M; DMS, dimethylsulfide; Fd, ferredoxin; ALA, δ-aminolevulinate...
Given its major role in maintaining whole-body glucose homeostasis, skeletal muscle IR precedes the onset of type 2 diabetes [2]. Lipid-induced IR is the most important form of IR in the skeletal muscle [1, 3, 4], for which ageing is a risk factor [5]. Different mechanisms have been...
These expression cassettes were sequentially ligated to form a multi-gene expression cassette T7mXcP4HS–T7HsAADCS–T7HsAANATS–T7HIOMTS, and the EcoRI and HindIII digestion sites were designed at both ends of the sequence. The whole sequence was chemically synthesized and identified by Sangon ...
[2,3,4]. It is capable of accumulating high levels of internal storage lipids in the form of triacylglycerols (TAGs) from excess carbon when other nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous or sulphur are limited [5,6,7]. Its natural capacity to grow on a variety of carbon sources, ...
(PEP) to OAA. The commonly used enzymes for the carboxylation of C3 metabolites are PEP carboxykinase (PEPCK), PEP carboxylase (PEPC), and/or pyruvate carboxylase (PYC); however, PEPCK is considered to be the key enzyme for the production of SA with subsequent ATP formation [4,26]. OAA ...
Throughout its nearly four-billion-year history, life has undergone evolutionary transitions in which simpler subunits have become integrated to form a more complex whole. Many of these transitions opened the door to innovations that resulted in increased biodiversity and/or organismal efficiency. The ...