Esters are widely used in food, energy, spices, chemical industry, etc., becoming an indispensable part of life. However, their production heavily relies on the fossil energy industry, which presents significant challenges associated with energy shortage
The patients or their legal proxies were informed of the study procedures and signed the consent form. The inclusion criteria for this study were as follows: (1) age ≥ 18 years; (2) onset to medication time (OMT) ≤ 72 h, defined as the time from the onset of abnormal ...
3C). Pyruvate dehydrogenases (PDHB and PDHX) were highly expressed in FL HSPCs, promoting entry into the TCA cycle [40]. Furthermore, FL HSPCs presented increased pyruvate levels, although the difference was insignificant (Fig. 4G), consistent with increased mitochondrial OXPHOS. The enzymes ...
Otto Warburg and colleagues first unraveled the mystery of cancer’s ability to rapidly consume large amounts of glucose independent of oxygen for its growth and proliferation in the 1920s, a phenomenon also known as the Warburg effect [1,2]. Indeed, various of solid tumors...
Secondary malignant bone tumors originate from other organs or tissues and metastasize to the bone. The most prevalent form of secondary malignant bone tumor is bone metastasis (BM) [3]. Apart from metastatic bone tumors, secondary malignant bone tumors also include leukemic infiltration of bone, ...
Currently, 21 types of Cxs have been identified. They enable the formation of heteromeric hemichannels and heterotypic GJs, whose functions can be differentiated or overlap [8]. Cxs in the cell can also exist in soluble form in the nucleus or cytoplasm. Cxs channels can localize to the ...
Pyruvate enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in the form of acetyl-CoA via pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and generates up to approximately 32 ATP molecules after oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) [13]. When oxygen consumption or the oxygen supply of body tissues and cells is insufficient ...
In non-transformed cells, ECM detachment caused a decreased rate of PDH flux and TCA cycle while in ECM-detached cancer cells, the decrease in PDH flux can be restored by oncogenes, thus helping cancerous cells generate sufficient energy [148]. However, OXPHOS can enhance oxidative stress and...
Recently, it has been shown that the m6A-modified circRBM33-FMR1 complex promotes prostate cancer (PCa) progression by stabilizing PDHA1 mRNA to activate mitochondrial metabolism. More importantly, depletion of circRBM33 reduces ATP, acetyl CoA levels and the NADH/NAD + ratio, as well as ...
(DLD, EC 1.8.1.4) are important components of PDH. The declined abundance of these two enzymes (A0A072VNF5 and G7JMT6) in Algonquin suggested that the formation of acetyl-CoA, which is a key substrate for TCA, might be inhibited by drought stress. Meanwhile, it was shown that two ...