we confirmed the initial findings using a second wave [9]. The exploratory results led us to further hypothesize that scale and rate are positively correlated at the individual level. For example, the net present value (NPV) of the 10 QALYs depends on the discount rate, but the effect of ...
All enrolled participants signed an informed consent form. Urine samples were blinded when being transferred to laboratory personnel for methylation detection. Next, patients with one of following criteria were excluded: (1) samples with failed quality control (DNA content of urine samples less than ...
The economics literature extensively explores dynamic consumer behavior in the context of addiction. Stigler and Becker (1977) suggest that addictive behaviors could be explained by stable utility functions within a standard rational agent framework. Subsequent studies, including Boyer (1978,1983), Spinne...
The advantage of DL over LR was largest in transfer learning, where DL-based transfer learning outperformed by a mean AUROC difference of 0.05 to 0.07. We also used AUPR, Tjur’s R2, PPV, and NPV as metrics to compare the performance of DL and LR models. While the relative performance ...
Assess profitability gains in contribution margin (revenues minus variable costs) and net present value (NPV) … a. by considering single markets, e.g. biomethane as a transport fuel and the GHG quota market b. by considering multiple markets (integrated optimization) ...
Therefore, any metric that depends on ϕ (such as PPV, NPV, MCC) does not describe the classifier objectively but rather the performance of the classifier for a given dataset or prevalence. As mentioned earlier (“Prevalence and bias” section), ϕ in the test set is not necessarily ...
Footnote 6 Consumer loans also expanded, primarily in the form of diversified consumer loan products, following the upgrades in financial technology. Commercial banks dominate the Chinese consumer finance market. Commercial banks have their own advantages in the consumer finance market—low cost of ...
NPV: negative predictive value PK: pharmacokinetic PKPD: pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic PPV: positive predictive value PRISMA: preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses SR: systematic review TN: true negative TP: true positive References Freedman LP, Cockburn IM, Simc...
The rNPV D is calculated as the sum of the products between the probability that a scenario (the n th scenario) takes place (p n ), and the NPV that would follow from that scenario: rNPVD=∑n=1NCnpn1+rtn. (4) In the same vein, the rNPV PD. is calculated as the sum of the...
This study uses the real options approach to identify the trigger prices of coal for switching technologies from coal to renewable energy sources. A series of processes are employed including the evaluation of the net present values (NPV) of investment in renewables and coal, application of stochas...