Natural language processing (NLP) has become an increasingly significant role in advancing medicine. Rich research achievements of NLP methods and applications for medical information processing are available. It is of great significance to conduct a deep analysis to understand the recent development of ...
Convolution operator-based neural networks have shown great success in medical image segmentation over the past decade. The U-shaped network with a codec structure is one of the most widely used models. Transformer, a technology used in natural language
(iii). Hybrid transformer–CNN: In histopathological image analysis, there are many ways in which transformers can be combined with CNN to form a hybrid model. The simplest method is to use both in an effort to capitalize on both of their advantages. These hybrid networks either use transforme...
Corneal collagen cross-linking was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2016 and involves the application of a vitamin B2 (riboflavin) solution as a photosensitizer to the eye and ultraviolet light (UV-A) at a wavelength of 370 nm [23]. New collagen bonds form, restori...
The main dilemma in the case of classification tasks is the selection of an appropriate algorithm adapter to the problem under consideration [9]. The formalized description of the algorithm selection problem proposed in 1976 by Rice [10] takes the form of abstract 5-element models composed of pe...
AI to form new hypotheses based on analysis of existing data and literature and then test those hypotheses by performing thousands of experiments in different fields, including systems biology. Unlike human scientists, robots are less driven by biases. Most of all, robots could scale up ...
The human’s sentiments, emotions, opinions, et cetera concerning the products are expressed in the form of customer reviews as well as star ratings, which are being analyzed by a machine i.e. ML approach. The RA of online products will improve product quality as well as influence the ...
Simultaneously, the input sentences will be mapped to a sequence of tokens embedded in a continuous space by the external feature extraction module, noted asHf, with the same form ofHb. Afterwards, we will use a feature fusion module to merge these two sentences representations and finally send...
we concatenated the global features and centroid features of the subgraph, applied batch normalization, and obtained the local subgraph features. The global graph features and local subgraph features were concatenated to form the vertex features in the PPI network graph. It was important to note that...
Determining a protein’s quaternary state, i.e. the number of monomers in a functional unit, is a critical step in protein characterization. Many proteins form multimers for their activity, and over 50% are estimated to naturally form homomultimers. Expe