bacteria, fungi, and protists (collectively termed the plant microbiota, see an example forArabidopsis thalianaroot microbiota in Fig.1) that form complex microbial consortia and impact plant growth and productivity [1,2,3,4]. Although plants have evolved their own adaptations to alleviate most ...
2015), the emergence of orchids have occurred in the late Cretaceous (76 Mya), and allowed them to cross the border of Jurassic mass extinction (66 Mya). This is consistent to the observation of the date for the most ancient fossil record (76–84 Mya) (Ramirez et al. 2007). It has...
This study suggests that the majority of diversification of this receptor family occurred after the divergence of urochordates and vertebrates approximately 794 million years ago (MYA), but before the divergence of ray-finned from lobe-finned fishes around 476 MYA. Since then, only relatively limited...
The complex interspersed pattern of segmental duplications in humans is responsible for rearrangements associated with neurodevelopmental disease, including the emergence of novel genes important in human brain evolution. We investigate the evolution of LCR16a, a putative driver of this phenomenon that encod...
(Mya), and all living legumes are thought to share a common ancestor that existed an estimated ~59 Mya [5]. The family is divided into several major clades [6], with most of the major crop and model species concentrated in the Papilionoideae clades "Halogalegina" (adapted to temperate...
2 (HSA2). Genomic signatures of this event are the presence of inverted telomeric repeats at the HSA2 fusion site and a block of degenerate satellite sequences that mark the remnants of the ancestral centromere. It has been estimated that this fusion arose up to 4.5 million years ago (Mya...
Figure 5 Distribution of divergence time. X axis is the divergence time (mya) of homologous pairs, Y axis is the number of detected EST clusters. Full size image Discussion Bamboo genes and genome In comparison with a large number of plant ESTs deposited in public database (NCBI ESTs of pl...
Here, we report the assembly and annotation of reference-grade genomes ofCn. tallandCn. dwarf, whose genome sizes are 2.40 Gb and 2.39 Gb, respectively. The comparative analysis reveals that the two coconut subspecies diverge about 2–8 Mya while the conserved Arecaceae-specific whole-genome dup...
The evolutionary relationships and genome information of eight Rosaceae species. Blue and orange stars represent the divergent events in the eight species. The blue star indicates the occurrence of the ancient whole-genome duplication γ event (~300 mya) in all members of the Rosaceae; the orange...
The molecular events associated with regulation of milk fat synthesis in the bovine mammary gland remain largely unknown. Our objective was to study mammary tissue mRNA expression via quantitative PCR of 45 genes associated with lipid synthesis (triacylg