The ArcN-PVN neural pathway is composed mainly of two components: excitatory proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons and sympathoinhibitory neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons. POMC neurons release α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), which binds to PVN melanocortin type 4 receptors (MC4R). POMC neurons...
POMC cleavage results in the production of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), which in turn binds to the MC1R, a GPCR expressed in melanocytes (reviewed in [65]). The binding of α-MSH to MC1R causes an increase of intracellular cAMP, that activates CREB to trigger MITF expressio...
Lung cancer is a disease in which the cells of lung tissues grow uncontrollably and form tumors. Loss or amplification of a number of miRNAs have been found related to lung cancer. A differential expression pattern of a number of miRNAs has been found in lung cancer tissues than normal lung...
Msx originated early in animal evolution and is implicated in human genetic disorders. To reconstruct the functional evolution of Msx and inform the study of human mutations, we analyzed the phylogeny and synteny of 46 metazoan Msx proteins and tracked t
For instance, Escherichia coli can produce a mimic of a melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), ClpB, stimulating PYY release and inducing proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neuron activity [22]. The relationship between the microbiome and energy intake represents an important component of metabolic ...
Some immune components can be suppressed to inhibit Th1 and NK-cell activation, reduce endotoxin-induced inflammation, and induce macrophages to produce anti-inflammatory cytokines, including alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), TGF-β2, prostaglandin E2, ...
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α-MSH is the most studied hormone involved in PCC. After incised from its precursor proopiomelanocortin protein (POMC), α-MSH binds to its receptor, melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), expressed on the cell membrane of chromatophores to stimulate pigment dispersion [17]. All the three major ...
According to current statistics, gastric cancer (GC) stands as the fifth most prevalent form of cancer worldwide and the fourth primary mortality-inducing neoplasm [178,179]. Significant regional disparities exist in the prevalence of GC, with notable occurrences in East Asian countries such as Jap...