The mechanism behind increased IL-18 production may relate to elevated levels of circulating MCP-1 in patients with CKD [130]. IL-18, through production of INF-γ, results in inflammation-related vascular injury, atherosclerotic plaque formation, and plaque instability [131–133]. IL-18 levels ...
About 40 kinds of triterpenoid saponins have been identified, including saponins, isoflavone saponins, acetyl saponins, and soybean saponins. Besides, there are more than 30 kinds of flavonoids, composed of flavonoids, formononetin, and its glycosides. In addition, AR polysaccharides are mainly ...
Inhaled lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a dose-dependent, acute neutrophilic response in the airways of healthy volunteers that can be quantified in induced sputum. Chemokines, such as CXCL1 and CXCL8, play an important role in neutrophilic inflammation
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic kidney disease that develops in patients with diabetes mellitus. Cordycepin (CRD), a secondary metabolite produced by Cordyceps militaris, has a variety of bioactive properties. In this study, DN mice and high gluco
Recently, the significant benefits of cancer immunotherapy for most cancers have been demonstrated in clinical and preclinical studies. However, the efficacy of these immunotherapies for gliomas is limited, owing to restricted drug delivery and insuffici
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, is closely associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic disturbances. In PCOS mice, dietary inulin has been demonstrated to regulate intestinal fl
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) show considerable promise in regenerative medicine with superior anti-fibrotic, immunomodulatory, and angiogenic functions. More recently, discovered with the tumor tropism, MSCs have been exploited as the basis of target
With the increase in production and use of engineered nanoparticles (NP; ≤ 100 nm), safety concerns have risen about the potential health effects of occupational or environmental NP exposure. Results of animal toxicology studies suggest that inhala
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Specifically, the chemokine CCL2/MCP-1 is implicated in provoking an inflammatory response that leads to the over-differentiation of fibroblasts, a key event in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Moreover, these biomarkers, which are instrumental in the progression of fibrosis, may also be exploited ...