Isolate ZH3A-3 always co-existed with Tulasnella-like Rhizoctonia in wild orchid roots and the hyphae of isolate ZH3A-3 mainly spread in velamen cells and could not form pelotons in the cortex cells of Cymbidium roots. It was also revealed that the effects of isolate ZH3A-3 and another...
This strategy also avoids inadvertent cleavage of adapter sequences, as there is no complementary strand with which they could form dsDNA. DSN operates efficiently at higher temperatures and requires at least ten perfectly complementary base pairs to cut, thus it has better mismatch discrimination ...
Raw amplicon data from the Global Water Microbiome Consortium project2was processed to resolve ASVs of the 16S rRNA gene V4 region. The ASVs for each of the samples were filtered based on their relative abundance (only ASVs with ≥0.01% relative abundance were kept) before the analyses. The p...
Because the repulsive forces between the QDs were overcome by the electric field28, charged QDs were forced to get close to each other and form insoluble big particles due to the adhesion with intermolecular hydrogen bonds of PEG ligands (Fig. 2b). Therefore, deposited QDs would not be ...
age groups (P< .01 after Benjamini–Hochberg, BH correction). The young (3 months) and aged (24 months) groups formed separate clusters in the ordination; however, the old (18 months) group did not form a separate cluster and shared features with both young and aged mice (Fig.5A, Fig...
Early blight and brown leaf spot are often cited as the most problematic pathogens of tomato in many agricultural regions. Their causal agents are Alternaria spp., a genus of Ascomycota containing numerous necrotrophic pathogens. Breeding programs have y
ability to form accurate chromosome-scale pseudomolecules with Hi-C alone. Principally, Hi-C data are noisy, and Hi-C-based scaffolders are prone to producing structurally inaccurate scaffolds [13]. Also, because this process relies on the alignment of short Hi-C sequencing reads to the draft...
About 32% of pMEIs were within a TAD harboring oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, or dosage-sensitive genes. In addition, 27.6% of pMEIs form a loop with promoters of those genes within the same TAD (16.3%) or across different TADs (11.3%)....
The bias takes the form of patterns in the nucleotide frequencies of the first dozen or so bases of a read. They provide a re-weighting scheme, where each read is assigned a weight based on its nucleotide composition, to mitigate the impact of the bias and improve the uniformity of reads...
Thus, the overwhelming majority of class F contigs align with intronic regions of a zebra finch gene, providing very strong support that these contigs represent pre-mRNA (i.e., the RNA transcript has not been spliced to form mRNA). The mean number of reads per contig for the 20,566 ...