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particularly the altered secretion pattern of GnRH and gonadotrophin. When treated with a single depot estradiol benzoate, the expecting LH surge occurs in seven of nine young women (ages 25–33), whereas only one of eight aged women responses an LH surge. The difference indicates a dysfunction ...
bone serves not only as a structural support but also as an active participant in endocrine regulation through the secretion of bone-derived cytokines, known as “osteokines” [1]. Although the influence of bone on other organs has been...
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 coupled with growth hormone helps control timing of sexual maturation. Mutations and variants in multiple genes are associated with development or reduced risk of central precocious puberty (CPP). We assesse
Lastly, Δ9-THC failed to suppress GnRH secretion in vitro [225], therefore, modulation of neuronal stimuli inhibiting GnRH release, rather that inhibition of GnRH release into the pituitary portal vasculature has been proposed as the mechanism of Δ9-THC action at the hypothalamic level [226, ...
Genes involved in signalling pathways were also differentially regulated. Sexual females upregulated genes involved in the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) signalling pathway, which is important for female sexual differentiation (Additional file5), such ascreb,heparin-binding egf-like growth factor (...
(Figure4). These fuse to form multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast cells, with 2 to 50 nulei [54]. The fusion of cytotrophoblast cells is controlled and promoted by regular hCG [55]. Cytotrophoblast cells are the principal cells present at the time of pregnancy implantation. These cells ...
Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) is the most common form of dementia; it disproportionally affects women in terms of both incidence rates and severity of progression. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this clinical phenomenon remain
FSH concentration shows two distinct peaks during female reproductive cycle [3]. In the estrus cycles of rodents, a surge of GnRH during afternoon of proestrus triggers a surge of both LH and FSH resulting in ovulation of mature follicles in response to LH. Later, during morning of estrus, ...
form. Until now no specific VIS receptor has been identified. Besides its insulin-mimetic actions, VIS was found to exert proinflammatory influence through the up-regulation of cytokines production in monocytes [21]. It has also been proved, that adipokine acts as an anti-apoptotic and pro-...