We further examined the similarity of muscle and motor synergies separately, as well as the spatial structure of each module. The results indicated that in the HV group, only the HV-A and HV-D modules could combine to form the HY-D module. This finding suggests that abnormal activation of...
Adipose tissues are divided into WAT and brown adipose tissue (BAT) and usually perform opposite physiological functions [60]. The primary function of WAT is to store surplus energy in the form of triglycerides and aid in energy accumulation, while BAT acts mainly to produce heat to combat obes...
Type B spermatogonia differentiate into spermatocytes that undergo two consecutive rounds of cell divisions and form round spermatids [3, 4]. Subsequently, round spermatids undergo morphological and biochemical changes to form the elongated spermatids that are released into the lumen of seminiferous ...
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignant disease characterized by bone marrow (BM) infiltration with leukemic blasts [2]. With the implementation of new treatment strategies over the past years, the 5-year survival rate of AML continued to improve and is now around 28%, but t...
rhBMP-2 and hBM-MSCs were tested in an in vivo subcutaneous implantation model to assess their ability to form mature bone and undergo multilineage differentiation. Then, the hBM-MSCs were treated in vitro with rhBMP-2 for short-term or long-term cell-culture periods, alone or in combination...
into three domains: (1) the axon initial segment (AIS), located adjacent to the soma and where action potentials originate, (2) the myelinated axon, an axonal shaft wrapped by layers of myelin sheath formed by oligodendrocytes, and (3) axonal collateral/terminal arbors, where axons form a...
[34]. GSH reacts with cisplatin to form a GS-platinum complex, reducing the available intracellular platinum content [35]. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) catalyzes the binding of GSH to platinum and causes drug inactivation, which is associated with platinum resistance in ovarian cancer [36,37...
2015). In anaerobic cultures of MR-1, acetyl-CoA is mainly catalyzed by Pta (SO_2916) and AckA (SO_2915) to form acetate via acetyl phosphate with the production of ATP by the substrate-level phosphorylation (Hunt et al. 2010). In contrast, other EAB, including Geobacter spp. and ...
RSS was first proposed by Dubowitz [14, 15] to describe a subgroup of patients suffering from congenital myopathy with characteristic signs, i.e., early contracture of the spine and respiratory failure. Subsequently, this form was described as a congenital muscular dystrophy with early spinal rigid...
(the biotinylated form of TBE31) has been demonstrated to effectively and persistently promote the degradation of BACH1 by the E3 ligase FBXO22 (50-fold more potent than hemin), while TBE31 has no influence on BACH1 levels. TBE53 (but not TBE31) reduces breast cancer cell migration and ...