Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are crucial in nucleic acid drug delivery, enabling the transport of mRNAs and siRNAs into target cells [1]. They have gained prominence with the success of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines from Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna, demonstrating their ability to elicit immune responses [...
No benefits in any form have been or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this manuscript. The authors have no potential or apparent conflicts of interest with regard to this work. The manuscript has not been submitted or is not simultaneousl...
Müller-cell-derived cues, such as vascular endothelial growth factor-a (Vegfa), attract the endothelial tip cells to penetrate the retina to form the inner retinal vascular layers [2, 10]. Müller cell specific deletion of transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (Hif) 2 alpha or Hif ...
was added, samples centrifugated at 3,000×g at 4 °C for 10 min, debris removed by aspiration, and pellets resuspended with 90 µL of MACS buffer (1.0 mM EDTA and 1.0% bovine serum albumin in PBS, vacuum filtered). Samples were incubated with FcR blocking reagent (10 µL; Miltenyi...
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(IGL) chains that together form the BCR [14]. BTK is also involved in many other signaling pathways in B cells, including chemokine receptor, Toll-like receptor (TLR) and Fc receptor signaling. Expression of BTK is not restricted to B cells, as also cells of the myeloid lineage express ...
form indigestible complexes. This complexation reduces the solubility and availability of amino acids and minerals making them less absorbable by the bird and limiting the effectiveness of phytase in the GIT. Furthermore, phytates can increase gut acidity, which may interfere with the activity of ...
BCMA Transfer Mechanism in CAR T Cell Therapy.ADirect Contact: CAR T cells engineered to target BCMA form an immunological synapse with tumor cells, facilitating molecular exchange.BTrogocytosis: Membrane fragments containing BCMA are transferred from tumor cells to CAR T cells during synapse formati...
Biogenesis of piRNA. (a) Primary piRNA Pathway: The piRNA precursor is generated from a uni-strand piRNA cluster with the transcription factor Cubitus interruptus (Ci) and exported to the Yb body, where the precursor is bound by PIWI protein and cleaved by Zucchini to form pre-piRNA. The ...
Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for the most severe form of malaria [1]. It causes fever, chills, and potentially life-threatening complications, such as cerebral malaria and multiorgan failures [2]. The parasite has a complex life cycle that involves both human and mosquito hosts with the...