cacaofunesta mt genome revealed that introns form 48.7% of this DNA molecule, explaining its large size. The invasion of mitochondrial genes by group I introns is a primary reason for the wide variation in funga
Due to the complex structure of ALP, it is practically impossible to extract all of their components with a single method. Various physical methods (e.g., centrifugation, sonication, heating) and chemical methods (extraction with formamide, NaOH, EDTA, Na2CO3) have been used to extract and rec...
The development of the cortex is a delicate balance between proliferation, differentiation, and migration of neural progenitors (NPs). Throughout developmental process, various cellular mechanisms ensure that NPs differentiate into the correct cell subtypes, migrate to their correct regions, and form the...
Since almost all reactions in vitro need to be multistep ones, a number of separate tubes (or their collective form termed as microplate) have been traditionally used with an aid of robotics, resulting in a massive system [21–23]. Currently, the number of wells per micro-plate has ...
In fact, the main problems related to the use of E. coli as cellular factory are i) the loss of carbon in the form of acetate during aerobic growth at high growth rates, ii) the inhibition of cellular growth and protein production by acetate [2] and iii) the need for cofactor ...
At first glance, members of those two genera are clearly distinct, but similarities can be found on a cellular and a molecular level [20]. A unique characteristic of Mycobacteria is the occurrence of extremely long-chain mycolic acids that form a waxy layer in the bacterial cell wall ...
Guanine-rich sequences are able to form complex RNA structures termed RNA G-quadruplexes in vitro. Because of their high stability, RNA G-quadruplexes are proposed to exist in vivo and are suggested to be associated with important biological relevance. However, there is a lack of direct eviden...
Next, to validate whether the downregulated YAP1 rewires stromal cells for enhanced production of stimulatory growth factors such as GROα to form a premetastatic niche in vivo, stromal-specific Yap1 conditional knockout (cKO) mice bearing two loxP sites flanking the exons of the Yap1 gene were...
This structure is the source of pluripotent cells. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) form cells of all germ layers but not extraembryonic structures, such as the placenta. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are an example. ESCs are derived from the inner cell mass of preimplantation embryos. Another ...
Coffee is one of the most popular beverages worldwide. Roasted coffee is a common form of coffee. The beneficial effects of coffee are mainly attributed to its caffeine content [16], whereas green coffee bean extracts are considered a novel thermogenic dietary supplement in humans because they ar...