Intact ovaries were placed singly in 500 µl of 0.25% trypsin EDTA (Gibco) for 30 min at 37 °C. Different methods were used to separate the OSE cells from the intact ovaries and direct trypsinization provided best results [2]. The reaction was stopped with equal volume of DPBS suppleme...
Since almost all reactions in vitro need to be multistep ones, a number of separate tubes (or their collective form termed as microplate) have been traditionally used with an aid of robotics, resulting in a massive system [21–23]. Currently, the number of wells per micro-plate has ...
The development of the cortex is a delicate balance between proliferation, differentiation, and migration of neural progenitors (NPs). Throughout developmental process, various cellular mechanisms ensure that NPs differentiate into the correct cell subtypes, migrate to their correct regions, and form the...
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinases (PEPCK) catalyse the reversible decarboxylation and phosphorylation of oxaloacetate to form phosphoenolpyruvate. Mutations of the PEPCK gene from M. bovis BCG are characterised by attenuated virulence and reduced survival in macrophages[72]. The PEPCK gene from M. tuberculo...
This structure is the source of pluripotent cells. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) form cells of all germ layers but not extraembryonic structures, such as the placenta. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are an example. ESCs are derived from the inner cell mass of preimplantation embryos. Another ...
Guanine-rich sequences are able to form complex RNA structures termed RNA G-quadruplexes in vitro. Because of their high stability, RNA G-quadruplexes are proposed to exist in vivo and are suggested to be associated with important biological relevance. However, there is a lack of direct eviden...
benthamiana, the presence of an AtSOT did improve the accumulation of BGLS significantly [6]. PAPS as limiting co-substrate All known sulfotransferases utilize 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) as the activated form of sulfate, and the last step of the glucosinolate pathway is no ...
To select antibodies against native form of CD9 on cell surface, cell panning was performed using a stable CD9 transfectant, HEK293-CD9. The library phages were pre-cleared by subtraction panning with parental HEK293 to deplete non-specific binding phages. The pre-cleared phages were incubated...
Papain solution (0.1 mg/mL) (Sigma-Aldrich) was prepared in PBS supplemented with 20 mM L-cysteine and 20 mM EDTA (Sigma-Aldrich) and the pH was then adjusted to 7.2. An equal volume of purified 3.3 or 2B5 anti-PEG antibody (2 mg/mL) was added to the papain solution...
As in eukaryotes, precursor transfer RNAs in Archaea often contain introns that are removed in tRNA maturation. Two unrelated archaeal species display unique pre-tRNA processing complexity in the form of split tRNA genes, in which two to three segments o