Ferroptosis, a distinctive iron-dependent form of regulated cell death induced by the excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides on cellular membranes, is proved to have a dual role in cancer, leading to tumor cell proliferation or elimination [18]. Understanding the regulation of this iron-dependent...
checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), therapeutic vaccines and adoptive cell therapies are currently active research areas. ICIs have been approved for RCC [17], and new agents are being tested in preclinical studies and clinical trials for the treatment of RCC [18]. The progressing development of ICIs i...
This is seen in the form of sarcomatoid (de-)differentiation, marked by spindle cell histology, which may be accompanied by CD10 loss [36]. Increased CD44 expression has been associated with sarcomatoid differentiation and aberrant p53 expression in renal cell carcinoma [37,38,39]. Sarcomatoid ...
Error bars indicate the variance over one hundred iterations of the machine learning algorithm. As the figure shows, decision rules trained on relapse-free status classify test samples with low accuracy. Analysis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and conventional renal cell carcinoma (CRCC)...
In December 2022, Exelixis announced the initiation of STELLAR-304, a phase 3 pivotal trial evaluating zanzalintinib in combination with nivolumab versus sunitinib in patients with advanced nccRCC. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of the combination, as measure...
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) is a key regulator of endothelial cell-cell junctions and cytoskeleton dynamics and helps form and maintain the integrity and function of EC monolayers [35]. Moreover, WASP organizes actin and vascular epithelium-cadherins at EC junctions, and hence is ...
Taken together, our candidate list represents an unbiased pre-selection of genes with target structures on ccRCC tumor cells, in the form of HLA-bound peptides, and with potential involvement in tumor pathophysiology. The drug target list—characterization of candidates and targeting First, before ...
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A realizable k-ε model, which is better for rotational flow, is used for the simulation of turbulent flow. This model includes two additional equations in a tensor form: ρ ∂k ∂t + (V·∇)k =∂ ∂xj µ + µt σk ∂k ∂xj + Pk + Pb − ρε − YM + Sk...
technology is another method being actively developed, providing more precise data on receptor distribution in immune cells through both DNA and RNA analysis. This technology allows for the identification of specific alpha and beta chains that form TCRs, significantly enhancing analysis resolution [61]...