antigen loss reduces the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy, limiting long-term treatment success. While such mechanisms are undertaken by the tumor cells of a patient, a particular CAR-T cell treatment whose antigen has been the subject of tumor evasion can no longer be utilized for the treatment...
Similarly, our study also illustrated MDM which might be recruited by tissue damage and increased pro-inflammatory response to drive the progression of MDBs formation. CCR2 and its ligand CCL2 (chemokine ligand 2) are implicated to be a key factor of monocyte infiltration, and it has been ...
The control of Decorin secretion in MM bone-marrow niches is dictated by the close interaction between the malignant plasma cells and immature osteoblasts and may be mediated by the cytokine CCL3. Intriguingly, current target-therapy drugs for standard-of-care treatment of MM that are directed ...
TAMs are the most prominent innate immune cells in the TME [31]. TAMs have two main origins: (I) Monocytes derived from bone marrow progenitor cells. These monocytes leave the bloodstream and enter tumor tissue to differentiate into tissue-resident macrophages [32]. (II) Early embryonic origin...
protein. The molecule CCL25 is produced in the thymus and binds to the chemokine receptor CCR9, for which it is the only known ligand. A fusion protein between the extracellular portion of CCR9 and IL-7, when used as a therapeutic agent in old animals, resulted in its accumulation in ...
form of thickening of the intima-media complex (IMC) and fibrosis of the cerebral artery wall [161]. The unique location of the endothelium makes it sensitive to changes occurring both in the systemic circulation and in tissues. Following intima injury, ECs, immune system cells, and platelets ...
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), the adipose tissue that surrounds most of the vasculature, has emerged as an active component of the blood vessel wall regulating vascular homeostasis and affecting the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Although PVAT characteristics resemble both brown and white adipose...
Given the limited number of patients seen at a single clinical site, sharing data of both exome sequencing as well as clinical features, especially in standardized form using HPO terms that enable computerized phenotype matching, will become increasingly important [49]. Additionally, comparison of ...
(via CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL10, CX3CL1) and activation (via IL-15, IL-18, TNF-α) of immune cells, namely NK cells [44]. TIS can also sustain SASP-mediated vascular remodeling in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with the result of improving both drug delivery and lymphocyte infiltration...
The dynamic interactions of cancer cells with their microenvironment consisting of stromal cells (cellular part) and extracellular matrix (ECM) components (non-cellular) is essential to stimulate the heterogeneity of cancer cell, clonal evolution and to increase the multidrug resistance ending in cancer...