In a simplified form, we previously used the insulin signaling system as a demonstration object for combinatorial complexity [3]. The complexity (145,156,469 possible species) results from a combination of the first three items listed above. Many other signaling systems also show combinatorial compl...
liquidity providers are typically entitled to a share of the fees paid by traders for exchanging tokens. Returns in the form of trading fees provide incentives for agents to act as liquidity
12]. One of the most well-known methods is Monocle [3], which constructs a minimum spanning tree (MST) on cells in a reduced-dimensionality space created by independent
2In its most basic form, string matching on homomorphically encrypted data can be summarized as follows. Suppose a string Q of length ℓ has been homomorphically encrypted. Now consider another string X of the same length ℓ. The task is to perform a comparison operation that returns a ...
This approach leverages a generalized form of Malus’ law, governing universal 2D projections between arbitrary elliptical polarization pairs spanning the entire Poincaré sphere, enabling arbitrary polarization-selective intensity encodings.Availability of data and materials Data sharing is not applicable to ...
In this regard, edge-based phylogenetic networks form a class of tree-based networks that can easily be found. For example, we showed that all unrooted, binary, chordal phylogenetic networks are edge-based. As mentioned in Remark 4, an interesting question is whether this generalizes to other ...
The first step of our approach is to transform the input MALDI data in order to reflect the topological persistence. MALDI-MSI datasets are commonly stored in ann×qmatrix, denoted byX, andXtakes its values inR≥0n×q, where each data record corresponds to an intensity value. Usually, mass...
(i) is used as the control variable in the form ofu(i) = Pb(i), while the ultra-short-term wind powerPf(i) is used as an input variable asr(i) = Pf(i). The ESSPg(i) andCSOE(i) are selected as the output variables asy(i) = [Pg(i),CSOE(i)]T. Then the...
[19], a closed-form formula for the call completion probability is developed under the generalized wireless channel model and the general CHT distribution using theory of complex variable and transform techniques (Laplace-Stieltjes transform and z-transform). The mathematical models considered in [17,...
(2015) demonstrated that chorus emissions can accelerate electrons from tens of keV to several MeV within a few minutes and that nonlinear trapping processes [i.e., relativistic turning acceleration (RTA) and ultra-relativistic acceleration (URA)] form a dumbbell distribution of relativistic electrons...