Increasing the endogenous IAA content induces cell differentiation to form ARs [18], and anything that affects IAA synthesis and transport can alter the development of the lateral roots [19, 20]. The crosstalk between ethylene and IAA in regulating root formation shows that the AR formation ...
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted inactivation of p53 and Pten in mouse liver induced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), a second form of primary liver cancer, in mice [19]. Multiplexing CRISPR/Cas9 has also been explored for high-throughput analysis of TSGs for initiation and development of liver...
2g). Similarly, full-length coverage with Smart-seq3xpress resulted in significantly (2–5-fold) increased read support over exon–exon and exon–intron splice junctions, which form the basis for RNA velocity inference16 (Fig. 2h). To perform a direct comparison of cluster granularity, we ...
Microbiome alterations have been associated with depression, and fecal transfer of depressed patients’ microbiomes is sufficient to enhance despair behaviors in rodents. Yet little is known about the potential mechanisms, whereby microbes modulate depre
Then the primary bile acids are conjugated to form conjugated bile acid, followed by metabolism into secondary bile acids. Primary bile acids can be metabolized into secondary bile acids (DCA and LCA) by secondary BA-producing gut microbiota [65, 66]. DCA and LCA are potent endogenous ligands...
Different SPSSs computed on an arc-centric de Bruijn graphk=5. For simplicity, the reverse complements of all nodes and arcs are omitted.aThe original de Bruijn graph in compacted form has 13 unitigs with 70 total characters.bExample of simplitigs with 7 strings and 43 total characters.cExa...
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are a key antioxidant enzyme family, which have been implicated in protecting plants against the toxic effects of reactive oxygen species. Despite current studies have shown that the gene family are involved in plant growth a
In the model system Drosophila melanogaster, doublesex (dsx) is the double-switch gene at the bottom of the somatic sex determination cascade that determines the differentiation of sexually dimorphic traits. Homologues of dsx are functionally conserved i
Previous studies have demonstrated that the potential to form a pedicle and first antler (antler generation) resides in the periosteum overlying the presumptive pedicle growth region; this is termed the antlerogenic periosteum (AP; Fig. S1A). Deletion of the AP prevents the development of pedicl...
Teliospores are primarily 2-celled with each cell containing two haploid nuclei that have paired, if not fused to form the diploid state [8]. They often appear in low numbers on the lower parts of the plant, including the stem. Under the proper conditions, the teliospore germinates and a...