The colour-filter microarray can be specifically arranged to form a colour microprint under white-light illumination (e.g., a mass-energy equation image), while the hologram metasurface can encode hologram information. When the red (R), green (G), and blue (B) lasers are illuminated ...
In an effort to ensure future energy security, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and create domestic jobs, the US has invested in technologies to develop sustainable biofuels and bioproducts from renewable carbon sources such as lignocellulosic biomass. Bio-derived jet fuel is of particular interest as ...
2.2 Governing equation 2.2.1 Euler equation For integrating physics into the PINNs and also generating data sets, the governing equation is briefly introduced herein. Under the incompressibility assumption of the fluid, the equation of mass conservation in the moving frame reads ux+vy=0, (1) wh...
mass-symmetric species (e.g., H2) usually follow the angular momentum gap law, while those mass-asymmetric molecules like hydrogen halides tend to follow the energy gap law17. The conformation to these gap laws has also been extensively discussed and verified in the H2–H218,19,42, H2–CO...
It should also be mentioned that in the RANS solver, the segregated flow model, which solves the flow equation in an uncoupled manner, was applied throughout all simulations in this work. Convection terms in the RANS formulae were discretised by applying a second-order upwind scheme. The ove...
Structure elucidation of unknown small molecules by mass spectrometry is a challenge despite advances in instrumentation. The first crucial step is to obtain correct elemental compositions. In order to automatically constrain the thousands of possible candidate structures, rules need to be developed to se...
matrix, and distance matrix. According to Eq. (1), if the inner product between two atoms is large and these two atoms are far away from each other, information is exchanged between the two atoms, which is unreasonable. In this study, we change Eq. (1) to the following equation: ...
The three-equation model consists of water and steam mixture momentum, including mass and energy balances. The four-equation model is based on liquid and gas phase mass balances, together with a drift-flux approach for the analysis of phase separation. Analysis of the models showed that the ...
theory of energy harvesting from the human body and describe the amount of energy that can be harvested from body heat and from motions of various parts of the body during walking, such as heel strike; ankle, knee, hip, shoulder, and elbow joint motion; and center of mass vertical motion...
Generally, a closer intermolecular distance under high pressure is beneficial to through-space charge transfer (TSCT). Enhanced TSCT and ICT can significantly reduce the HOMO/LUMO energy gap (ΔE). According to the equation between the rate of internal conversion (kic) and the energy gap ΔE...