It includes water filtration (tap and waste water), food and beverage filtration, pharmaceutical and electric processes, blood filtration, tea bags and coffee and juice filters, cooking oil filters and oil/fuel filters for automotives. Nonwovens have been successfully used in the industry as ...
This work addresses issues of long-term durability of hydrogen鈥揳ir proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) under cyclic current loading conditions, simulating the real road driving conditions for automotives. The same type of membrane鈥揺lectrode assembly (MEA) was also aged under constant ...
for samples with an IEC up to 1.10 mmol/g were one order of magnitude lower thanthat reported for Nafion®.Keywords: ion-exchange membranes; fuel cells; poly(arylene ether); sulfonation; melt poly-condensation.INTRODUCTIONPolymer electrolyte membranes and, in particular, cation exchange membranes ...
First, you must have adiesel engine. The sparkignitionused in a standard gasoline-powered engine would have a very hard time achieving combustion with vegetable oil. The fuel lines and pumps in agas enginearen't intended to handle this type of fuel, and many of the sensors used to determine...
As diesel engines are widespread in transportation, it is of crucial importance to significantly diminish the concentration of the pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions in the exhaust gas flows [8]. 1.2. Overview of Hydrogen Utilization in Automotives According to the Paris Agreement, signed by ...
Figure 3. Different groups of fuel cells based on their power ratings and advantages. The term used to describe the fuel cell type depend on the type of conductor utilized for protons (ions) or electrolyte, except for DMFCs in which its nature is determined by the fuel employed [20,21,...
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered clean energy sources for both stationary systems and portable devices because of their low operating temperature, fast startup, high energy efficiency, and high power density [1,2,3]. Since most automotives operate for 5000–20,000 h,...