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Methanol, ethanol and butanol have emerged as an important alternative fuel for combustion engines due to their inherent advantages like lower particulate matter emission, renewability and lower greenhouse gas emissions in comparison to conventional diesel. Unregulated emission like elemental carbon (EC), ...
In terms of NGK electrode gaps, a comparison revealed that a gap size of 1.4 mm resulted in the most optimal engine performance and the lowest exhaust emissions. On the other hand, when it came to BUGAETS' spark plug, a gap size of 1.2 mm delivered the best engine performance and ...
The near-term regulatory changes and the future impact of the IMO's GHG targets for 2030 and 2050 should be considered when making the long-term decision on fuel selection. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a relatively mature low-carbon fuel, comprised primarily of methane. Its carbon to hydro...
Platooning represents a crucial strategy for mitigating emissions from heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). This study evaluates the effects of platoon composition
In comparison to traditional PID and PSO-PID controllers, the improved PSO-PID controller reduces the response time by 0.47 s and 0.21 s, the maximum overshoot by 98.43% and 96.05%, and decreases the absolute errors by 87.42% and 90.55%, respectively, in air–fuel ratio control using the ...
Table 1 Comparison of the fire suppression paradox and bias Full size table Suppressing wildfires also has an additional and poorly quantified consequence that we define as the “suppression bias”: fire suppression extinguishes some types of fire (e.g., surface fire) more than others (e.g., ...
No matter your industry, you need fuel that helps increase efficiency, reduce maintenance costs and increase uptime. That's why we offer a variety of fuels, including our next-generation Mobil Diesel Efficient™ fuel, to help meet the needs of off-road and on-road vehicles in a wide range...
However, the high solvent/bitumen ratio inevitably increases the complexity and costs of the paraffinic froth treatment process. In this study, we have attempted to reduce the solvent/bitumen ratio without affecting asphaltene precipitation by replacing part of the solvent with simulated flue gas (CO2...
The near-nozzle transient structures were successfully captured. Furthermore, a direct comparison between LES and RANS simulation was made, and main jet characteristics were investigated. LES outperforms RANS in predicting the instantaneous structures of ammonia jets and provides a more distinct ...