atomic force microscope imagesfrictionapplied forcegraphitescan directionatomic resolutionIn this work we simultaneously measure both the friction and applied force acting during imaging on graphite with an atomic force microscope (AFM). We show that: (1) The scan direction with respect to the ...
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revealed that superlubricity can be ''switched'' on and off in situ when an ionic liquid is used to lubricate the silica–graphite interface by atomic force microscopy measurements [13]. When the potential is changed, the composition of the interfacial layer responds, which alters the frequency ...
In Liu and Nagel's generalized description of jamming, an arrested assembly of grains can be fluidized through dilation or by increasing the applied stress16,17,18. The origin of jamming is closely linked to the presence of force chains within the packing19,20, and the unjamming, or yielding...
A process for producing a frictionally locking connection of two structural component parts, especially a shaft and a hub, including plastically deforming a round structural component part into an oval or polygonal shape by applying force, applying additional force to substantially elastically round the...
Several examples are given to validate the principal of superposition as well as to illustrate on how to use the produced factors to estimate the ultimate bearing pressures on cylindrical caissons in cohesive-frictional soils. The study should be of great interests to practitioners. 1 Introduction ...
(σy – σx, whereσyis the normal stress along the short axis of a penny-shaped melt layer, Fig.4), the melt pressure must match this normal stress at the melt–wall-rock interface to keep force balance. On the basis of Eshelby’s solution, the melt pressure is predicted to ...
force CFU to an angle alpha 1 greater than an effective angle of internal friction delta; increasing the force CFU to a failure condition of the specimen; recording the value of force at the condition of failure as FF1; placing a new sample in the test apparatus; applying the consolidation ...
The root resorption when using the frictionless technique with a TMA T-loop spring was similar to that when using the sliding technique [23]; the reason may be due to the use of force, continuous and light (150 g), within the recommended limits. ...
In real life examples, the fraction of the energy transferred between sliding surfaces is influenced by the extent of intermolecular attractive forces (adhesion force) and existence of a lubricant film layer between the surfaces (boundary or thin film lubrication). 2.1. Friction Laws for Elastic ...