The estimation of human health effect considers not only the change in air quality level, but also factors such as population and health incidence rates. There could be large discrepancies in the spatial distributions of human health effect and air quality [26–28]. It is important to integrate...
It is worth noting that the closed form is derived using the relationship between spot freight rates and FFA prices. Since most parameters in these models are easily estimated, the pricing formulae are tractable in business operations. However, the non-storability of shipping freight is not ...
Concurrently, the economy grew steadily, particularly in 2016–2017, when productivity growth rates exceeded 50%. Unfortunately, the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2019 led to a decline in both low-carbon road freight development and road freight efficiency, which had a significant negative impact on ...
The need for transporting commodities has led to more and more freight vehicles on urban roads. Specific operational constraints of such vehicles could induce non-homogeneities in the smooth movement of traffic, especially at intersections where accelera
2.3. Rail Transit Time Estimation Model The analysis investigated the rail car fleet size needed for moving logs in the study area and the impact of the fleet size and loading/unloading time on rail car idling and on intermediate log storage needs prior to rail transportation. We developed a ...
After 2019, when the railway is put into operation, the growth rates of the TCCs of the MSR scenarios slow down, and the higher the class of the railway, the lower the growth rate of the TCC; (2) At the end of the simulation period, the TCCs of both the MSR III and the MSR II...
By assuming different charging zone sizes, charging rates and transit service levels, the author constructed different scenarios, and then, carried out macro-simulation. The results indicated that congestion charges might increase the use of public transportation by 13% and reduce emissions. Similarly,...