This book describes the rules of freeze-drying. The critical process data is not just presented theoretically but explained with regard to practical examples. Application of freeze-drying processes is the main emphasis of this book. Many years of experience in the freeze-drying business allow the ...
When simulating the freeze-drying process, a moving mesh must be used in order to account for the two material phases and the change in shape that occurs as the ice sublimes. This can be modeled according to a heat and mass balance analysis defined at the solid-gas boundary using theDefor...
Freeze-drying, also known as lyophilization, is the process of removing ice from a formulation through sublimation. This typically consists of three different steps during the process. First, the solution is cooled to freeze the material. Next, primary drying is conducted to remove bulk ice by e...
NCL crystallization in the presence of polymeric additives was performed via freeze drying. Polymeric additives (PVPVA, PVP, PVAc, or PAA) were dissolved in the NCL solutions before the freeze-drying process. Fig. 4 compares the dissolution behavior of NCL crystals co-freeze dried with the polym...
As a result, this review is to highlight some of the latest and most notable advancements in sublimation drying of foods, with main emphasis given to recent developments of reducing energy consumption of freeze drying process, whilst suggests future research areas on sublimation-related drying. ...
Freeze-drying has been frequently used to preserve food and microorganisms at room temperature (RT) for extended periods of time; however, its application to mammalian species is difficult. Here, we developed a method to prolong the stability of freeze-dried (FD) mice spermatozoa at RT for more...
Freeze-drying, a process in which water in the form of ice under low pressure is removed by sublimation, produces concentrated HBM with microbiological safety, acceptable osmolality, and suitable nutritional composition of the main macronutrients and micronutrients (Nowak and Jakubczyk, 2020). Further...
The basic idea of freeze-drying is to "lock in" the composition and structure of the material by drying it without applying the heat necessary for the evaporation process. Instead, the freeze-drying process converts solid water -- ice -- directly into water vapor, skipping the liquid phase ...
For the freeze-drying process, the liquid mixture containing the amphiphilic material and the freeze-drying protecting component (obtained e.g. according to either of the previously illustrated manufacturing processes), is typically sampled into glass vials (e.g. DIN8R or DIN2OR) which are loaded...
freeze drying [′frēz ‚drī·iŋ] (engineering) A method of drying materials, such as certain foods, that would be destroyed by the loss of volatile ingredients or by drying temperatures above the freezing point; the material is frozen under high vacuum so that ice or other frozen solv...