confirmed the constancy of the chemical composition of ocean water and the predominance of chlorides in it. In 1902 the Dane M. Knudsen developed a method for determining the salinity of water by its chlorine content and compiled tables of water salinity and density. In the late 19th and early...
Six elements (chlorine, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium, and potassium) constitute over 90% of the total salts dissolved in the oceans. Pressure in the ocean waters increases with increasing depth due to the weight of the overlying water. The pressure increases at the rate of 1 atmosphere ...
If chlorine or other hazardous gas is used, vacuum can be utilized to control the gas, but in these cases, the vacuum is relatively mild [30] (p. 190). Utilizing a high pressurized leaching reactor affects the type of equipment that can be used, typically increasing costs. Even though ...
(i) where c) includes a surfactant, maintaining the upper limit thereof to no greater than 10% by weight of the composition; (ii) maintaining the pH of the liquid composition between 5 and 8; and (iii) where c) includes surfactants, no more than 20% of the total surfactants is ...
The residual chlorine concentration is measured as described in the Examples below. With respect to increased thermal stability, the PEKK polymers of interest herein have a 1 wt. % thermal decomposition temperature (“Td(1%)”) of at least 490° C., at least 495° C., or at least 500°...
In some embodiments, exemplary functional groups on a flocculant include, but are not limited to: leavings groups, such as halides, including bromine and chlorine, tosylate, mesylate, and the like; or electrophilic groups, such as esters, including NHS esters, carbonates, and the like; or nucl...
Specific examples of these groups: methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-methylsulfonylethyl, 3-phenoxypropyl, trifluoromethyl, cyclopentyl), halogen atom (e.g., chlorine atom, bromine atom), aryl group (e.g., phenyl, 4-t-butylphenyl, 2,4-di-t-amyl...
In view of simultaneously providing both the ionic conductivity and the softness, the Ha element may be a combination of chlorine (Cl) and bromine (Br). In this case, the present solid electrolyte particle is a compound represented by the composition formula (2): Li7−xPS6−xClyBrz. ...