(Color online) Ultrafast collective dynamics unique to ferroelectric polar vortices were studied by femtosecond XRD. (a) Normalized dynamic changes of diffraction intensity of 004-superlattice (SL) peaks of vortex structures at various temperatures, and the error bars show the standard errors; (b) ...
By employing time-resolved X-ray diffraction (TR-XRD) technique, the CT/ET reaction has been initiated by a laser pump pulse from the ground state to the excited state or the CT/ET state. The photo-induced subsequent structural changes have been monitored utilizing the pulsed structure of the...
XRD残余应力微观应力The residual stress and micro--stress in free--standing boron--doped polycrystalline diamond films, grown by an electron--assisted hot filament chemical vapor deposition (EA--HFCVD) were analyzed by X--ray diffraction (XRD) including sin2 φ method. The results show that the...
The crystal structure of LCaFN was determined by powder X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis(Cu Kα,40 kV,40 mA,Shimadzu XRD-7000S,Japan)and the Rietveld refinement method with GSAS/EXPGUI software.The microstructure of the powders was characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM,JEOL JEM-2011...
which were identified via XRD measurements as the Cu33Al17phase. The Cu33Al17particles were found to be buoyant within the liquid-Sn, floating to the top of the examined solder joints during solder reflow, and the Cu33Al17IMC displayed particularly high hardness values (49.1 ± 2.5 GPa) vi...
Powder XRD patterns were recorded on a Rigaku X-ray dif- fractometer D/MAX–2200/PC equipped with Cu–Ka radiation (40 kV, 20 mA) at a rate of 1.0° min À 1 over the range 5–80 (2y). X-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements were performed on a PHI–5000C ESCA system with...
SHELXTL114. Hydrogen atoms were positioned according to the geometric arrangement within the single crystal structure. Additionally, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns were obtained at various temperatures using an XRD system with a Mo-Kα radiation source, the same as that used in SCXRD. ...
prepared by drop-casting an aliquot of xerogel powder suspension in ethanol onto a holey-carbon-coatedcopper gridandair-dried before ex- amination. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was conducted on a Bruker D8 Ad- vance diffractometer with a graphite monochromator using Cu Kα...
The XRD patterns of the PBAs electrode used for cycle experiment were found to be similar to those of the initial sample (Supplemen- tary Fig. 29). Recently, the anti-interferent factor of PEC system was defined as an important index to assess the practicability of the system30. Here we...
A high-energy synchrotron XRD technique was used to examine the remarkable change in crystal structure in comparison to furnace (slow) cooled and quenched samples. After the application of quenching, broad single peaks in the furnace (slow) cooled ceramics indicating the presence of heterogeneous ...