The COVID-19 pandemic is creating uncertainty that potentially causes a decline in global trade. It hampers the catching-up processes of developing countries because they are already connected through global value chains (GVCs). This study investigates the speed of convergence in GVC participation. ...
Furthermore, it is necessary to know whether the forward or backward linkage of GVC participation is more appropriate for countries in the catching-up process. Thus, an analysis of the speed of convergence in GVCs is fundamental. In addition, the measurement of participation in GVCs has not ...