The lateral pressure on formwork and lateral displacement of formwork exerted by fresh concrete are measured. In addition, measured lateral pressure is compared with estimated lateral pressure by various standards, such as ACI 347, CIRIA 108, and IS 14687. The change in lateral displacement over a...
The process for establishing concrete compression comprises placing a measuring probe on at least one place in the concrete, the probe having a standard size, form, surface, and distance. The electrical properties of the concrete are measured, and are compared with the reference value, or are ...
Coordinate systems are set on the tooth form andworkpiece. Forming and positioning error of the grinding wheel cause the position and orientationerror of these coordinate systems, while keeping the figure of the tooth form involute curves. Profilesof tooth form and workpiece are measured by a ...