Ionic Reaction of Halogens with Terminal Alkenes: The Effect of Electron-Withdrawing Fluorine Substituents on the Bonding of Halonium Ions. Ionic reactions of terminal alkenes with chlorine (Cl[sub 2]), bromine (Br[sub 2]), and iodine monochloride (ICl) are sensitive to the alkyl substituents...
It is expected that their apatite-forming ability, and hence their bone-bonding ability, could be enhanced, if the calcium ions are incorporated into their surface titanium oxide layers instead of the sodium ions, because the calcium ions released from their surface layers can increase the ionic ...
The liquid crystalline behaviour was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy and established by X-ray diffraction. Combined hydrogen-bonding and ionic interactions resulted in supramolecular networks which have sufficient stability to maintain their structure at high ...
hydrogen bondingand ionic interactions, yielding multiple opportunities to easily produce this multicomponent hydrogel (Scheme 1). Both dynamic chemical and physical interactions under physiological conditions are used to form stable hydrogel via self-crosslinking without harmful release by products and use ...
and Fe(II) ions with catechol and dicarboxylic acids should play a key role in the formation of secondary BrC. The compounds shown in Supplementary Scheme1contain functional groups (Ar–OH, –NH2, –C(O)OH) capable of complexing iron. The arylamines are electron-rich and redox active and ...
At ambient temperature and pressure, water is the archetype protic solvent that exhibits various unusual properties that may be attributed to the large dipole moment of water and the associated hydrogen bonding among neighboring molecules. Dissolved ionic and molecular species are ‘hydrated’ and intera...
reactivity becomes favorable. H2S and NH4+oxidation in a one-electron transfer step by O2is also not favorable unless activation of oxygen can occur. H2S oxidation by Cu2+, Fe(III) and Mn(III, IV) phases in two-electron transfer steps is favorable but not in one-electron steps indicating...
the formation of Pd nanoparticles from the reduction of Pd ions is carried out first, and then the Pd nanoparticles can serve as nuclei for the reduction of Ni ions to give DG-structured Ni. In contrast, with a decrease in the nucleation density (i.e., the number of Pd nuclei in the...
Angell, C.A., Mobile ions in amorphous solids, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 43 (1992) 693-717. Aniya, M., Average electronegativity, medium-range-order, and ionic conductivity in superionic glasses, Solid state Ionics 136-137 (2000) 1085-1089. Asahara, Y.; Izumitani, T., Voltage contr...
The third step of the RCA cleaning procedure may include an ionic clean. In one embodiment, the ionic clean removes ionic and heavy metal atomic contaminants using a solution of 6:1:1 H2O:H2O2:HCl. In some embodiments, the aforementioned clean process may further reduce the thickness of the...