Soil formation in Antarctica during the Anthropocene (ca. since 1945) has been characterized by unprecedented warming from combustion of fossil fuels, cement manufacturing, and deforestation in areas far from A
Aircraft-produced contrail cirrus clouds contribute to anthropogenic climate change. Observational data sets and modelling approaches have become available that clarify formation pathways close to the source aircraft and lead to estimates of the global d
A transition from fossil- to bio-based hydrocarbon fuels is required to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; yet, traditional biomass cultivation for biofuel production competes with food production and impacts negatively on biodiversity. Recently, we reported a proof-of-principle study of a two-step ...
Most power stations in the world burn fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas to generate electricity. Others use nuclear power, but there is an increasing use of cleaner renewable sources such as solar, wind, wave and hydroelectric. 26 libraries of the Electrical Engineering Solution ...
Since 1800 through 1994, the global ocean has taken up ~ 48% of all human emissions of CO2 from fossil fuels, land-use change, and cement production, which highlights the important role of the global ocean to mitigate climate change (Sabine et al., 2004). Gruber et al. (2019) estimate...
Despite the development of renewable energy sources, fossil fuel will remain as the dominant energy resource in the global energy supply for decades. According to U.S. Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) projection, fossil fuels will supply 75 quadrillion (1015) BTU of energy by 2050 to ...
Regardless of efforts made globally to lessen reliance on fossil fuels, coal remains a major fuel for energy production. Since coal is the primary source of CO2emissions and electricity generation, switching to low-carbon energy systems presents a unique challenge. Coal Bed Methane (CBM) is an ...
Fig. 3 shows the fundamental steps of carbon/char gasification; oxygen diffuses toward the char surface through the bulk phase and boundary layers, allowing the adsorption of dioxygen molecules and oxygen atoms on active surface sites (e.g., defects, edges, dislocations, inorganic impurities, oxyg...
The aerosol layer not only reflects much of the Sun’s light but also transmits the infrared (红外线) radiation from below. So, while the heat input to surface drops, the loss of heat remains high until the planet cools to a new balanced state.Within fifty years, if no steps are ...
Examples of fossil fuels subject to in-situ extraction are oil sands, oil shale, and coal. In some cases, the uniformity of heat application is desirable, because too little heat may reduce the extent of the desired changes facilitating extraction, and too much heat may degrade the desired ...