New particle formation (NPF) in the tropical upper troposphere is a globally important source of atmospheric aerosols1–4. It is known to occur over the Amazon basin, but the nucleation mechanism and chemical precursors have yet to be identified2. Here w
2–5). The chemical ionization atmospheric pressure interface ime-of-flight (CI-APi-TOF) mass spectrometer can detect highly oxidized ELVOCs as well as inorganic species such as sulfuric acid41,42,43, which cause NPF (Methods). The CI-APi-TOF data were strongly dominated by the mononitrate ...
The fundamental understanding of the chemical and physical processes leading to the formation of pollutants has been critical to the modification of combustion processes for the minimization of pollutants. Both the prevention of formation and the promotion of destruction of pollutants have proven ...
In the formation of acid rain, sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen and water in the air to form sulfuric acid. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction. Write a balanced chemical equation for this chemical reaction. Include the physical state of...
Such sulfate aerosols influence the surface temperature of the Earth7, acid rain formation8,9, and human health10, playing a key role in environmental chemistry and climate change6,11,12. Therefore, knowing the source(s) of aerosol sulfate and its transport and transformation in the atmosphere ...
Primer pairs targeting a genome region that is contiguous only on cccDNA ("over-gap PCR") can achieve 100- to 1000-fold discrimination [50], and further physical enrichment is possible [67]. However, accurately determining reductions of the anyhow low HBV cccDNA levels, ...
When the water vapor latches on to this type of condensation nuclei, acid rain or an acid haze forms. Haze is a layer of dust, ash, or salt particles, and since they are hygroscopic, they are already condensing because the relative humidity is less than 100%. However, the particles ...
One of the least understood aspects in atmospheric chemistry is how urban emissions influence the formation of natural organic aerosols, which affect Earth’s energy budget. The Amazon rainforest, during its wet season, is one of the few remaining places
physical occlusion within aggregates31and thus increase substrate accessibility, which would then alleviate constraints to microbial decomposition and further favour larger warming response of Rs. Despite the vital role of reactive minerals in attenuating the temperature response of microbial decomposition35,...
Throughout the world intensive agricultural land use often has resulted in soil physical and chemical degradation, due to erosion and higher output than input rates of nutrients and OM. In contrast, the intentional and unintentional deposition of nutrien