Atmospheric aerosol particles are essential for forming clouds and precipitation, thereby influencing Earth’s energy budget, water cycle and climate on regional and global scales. However, the origin of aerosol particles over the Amazon rainforest durin
New particle formation (NPF) in the tropical upper troposphere is a globally important source of atmospheric aerosols1,2,3,4. It is known to occur over the Amazon basin, but the nucleation mechanism and chemical precursors have yet to be identified2. Here we present comprehensive in situ aircr...
rainsnow/ acid precipitationair pollutionatmospheric chemi moderately polluted regional areasNO 3 scavengingHNO 3 productionStarting from gas-phase and heterogeneous chemical reaction mechanisms of NOy species and conservation equations for chemical species and hydrometeors (cloud droplets, raindrops, and ...
which to the best of our knowledge, has never been achieved in previous studies. This allows us to successfully reproduce the chemical environment of the boreal forest atmosphere, and to investigate the HOM production in detail
Throughout the world intensive agricultural land use often has resulted in soil physical and chemical degradation, due to erosion and higher output than input rates of nutrients and OM. In contrast, the intentional and unintentional deposition of nutrien
of 95 percent or less. Growth of the drops may be helped by the absorption of certain soluble gases, notablysulfur dioxideto form dilutesulfuric acid. The relative humidity of the air can be increased by three processes: cooling of the air byadiabatic expansion; mixing two humid airstreams ...
When the water vapor latches on to this type of condensation nuclei, acid rain or an acid haze forms. Haze is a layer of dust, ash, or salt particles, and since they are hygroscopic, they are already condensing because the relative humidity is less than 100%. However, the particles ...
the field. In the laboratory, staining techniques, also based on chemical properties or typicalcompositions, may be used to distinguish between these minerals. The stains generally employed are especially valuable for investigating rocks made up of alternate lamellae of dolostone and limestonecomposition....
Together with the results of chemical-transport models, our findings indicate that NPF persists at all longitudes as a global-scale band in the tropical upper troposphere, covering about 40 per cent of Earth’s surface. Furthermore, we find that this NPF in the tropical upper troposphere is ...
One of the least understood aspects in atmospheric chemistry is how urban emissions influence the formation of natural organic aerosols, which affect Earth’s energy budget. The Amazon rainforest, during its wet season, is one of the few remaining places